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Scattering and Attenuation of Seismic Waves, Part II
Reprint from Pure and Applied Geophysics (PAGEOPH), Volume 131 (1989), No. 4
Advances in Geophysics
Significant progress in our understanding of the Earth's structure and functioning is dependent on new and original observations. However, these observations cannot be interpreted in a quantitative way without tools to model them, and developing adequate modelling methods is also a prerequisite for progress. Seismological raw data in the 21st century are mostly three-component broadband recordings, and require advanced numerical tools to be modelled, especially if lateral variations in the model are accounted for in addition to the radial stratification of the Earth. Considerable progress has been made concerning modelling of elastic waves in laterally heterogeneous structures in the last de...
Scattering and Attenuations of Seismic Waves, Part I
Reprint from Pure and Applied Geophysics (PAGEOPH), Volume 128 (1988), No. 1/2
Seismic Wave Propagation and Scattering in the Heterogenous Earth
Seismic waves – generated both by natural earthquakes and by man-made sources – have produced an enormous amount of information about the Earth's interior. In classical seismology, the Earth is modeled as a sequence of uniform horizontal layers (or sperical shells) having different elastic properties and one determines these properties from travel times and dispersion of seismic waves. The Earth, however, is not made of horizontally uniform layers, and classic seismic methods can take large-scale inhomogeneities into account. Smaller-scale irregularities, on the other hand, require other methods. Observations of continuous wave trains that follow classic direct S waves, known as coda wav...
Advances in Geocomputing
Geocomputing can simulate geodynamics, crustal dynamics, earthquakes, tsunami and rock physics.
Advances in Geophysics
Seismic waves generated by earthquakes have been interpreted to provide us information about the Earth's structure across a variety of scales. For short periods of less than 1 second, the envelope of seismograms changes significantly with increased travel distance and coda waves are excited by scattering due to randomly distributed heterogeneities in the Earth. Deterministic structures such as horizontally uniform velocity layer models in traditional seismology cannot explain these phenomena. This book focuses on the Earth heterogeneity and scattering effects on seismic waves. Topics covered are recent developments in wave theory and observation including: coda wave analysis for mapping medi...
Heterogeneity in the Crust and Upper Mantle
Most of our knowledge about the physical structure and the chemical composition of the Earth's deep interior is inferred from seismic data. The interpretation of seismic waves generally follows the assumption that the Earth's physical structure is grossly layered and that fluctuations of the physical parameters within individual layers are smooth in structure and small in magnitude. While this view greatly facilitates the analytic and interpretative procedure, it is clearly at odds with evidence from outcrops and boreholes, which indicates that compositional, structural and petrophysical heterogeneity in the Earth prevails over a wide range of scales. This book is the first to unify three di...
Seismic Motion, Lithospheric Structures, Earthquake and Volcanic Sources
Geophysicists use seismic signals to image structures in the Earth's interior, to understand the mechanics of earthquake and volcanic sources, and to estimate their associated hazards. Keiiti Aki developed pioneering quantitative methods for extracting useful information from various portions of observed seismograms and applied these methods to many problems in the above fields. This volume honors Aki's contributions with review papers and results from recent applications by his former students and scientific associates pertaining to topics spawned by his work. Discussed subjects include analytical and numerical techniques for calculating dynamic rupture and radiated seismic waves, stochastic models used in engineering seismology, earthquake and volcanic source processes, seismic tomography, properties of lithospheric structures, analysis of scattered waves, and more. The volume will be useful to students and professional geophysicists alike.
Imaging, Modeling and Assimilation in Seismology
This work presents current approaches in geophysical research of earthquakes. A global authorship from top institutions presents case studies to model, measure, and monitor earthquakes. Among others a full-3D waveform tomography method is introduced, as well as propagator methods for modeling and imaging. In particular the earthquake prediction method makes this book a must-read for researchers in the field.
Seismic Wave Propagation and Scattering in the Heterogeneous Earth : Second Edition
Seismic waves - generated both by natural earthquakes and by man-made sources - have produced an enormous amount of information about the Earth's interior. In classical seismology, the Earth is modeled as a sequence of uniform horizontal layers (or spherical shells) having different elastic properties and one determines these properties from travel times and dispersion of seismic waves. The Earth, however, is not made of horizontally uniform layers, and classic seismic methods can take large-scale inhomogeneities into account. Smaller-scale irregularities, on the other hand, require other methods. Observations of continuous wave trains that follow classic direct S waves, known as coda waves,...
