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This report presents an update of the experimental achievements published in the review “State- of-the-Art of High-Power Gyro-Devices and Free Electron Masers”, Journal of Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves, 41, No. 1, pp 1-140 (2020) and in the KIT Scientific Report 7761 (2021), related to the development of gyro-devices (Tables 2-34). Emphasis is on high-power gyrotron oscillators for long-pulse or continuous wave (CW) operation and pulsed gyrotrons for any applications.
This proceedings volume, the sixteenth in a biannual series, presents a snapshot of the state of current research worldwide on Electron Cyclotron Emission (ECE) and Electron Cyclotron Resonance Heating (ECRH) and related technologies. The papers address the physics, both theory and experiment, of ECE and ECRH. The technologies of high power millimeter-wave sources - gyrotrons - and transmission lines and launchers are included. The focus is on physics and technology relevant to the research and development of nuclear fusion.
This proceedings volume, the sixteenth in a biannual series, presents a snapshot of the state of current research worldwide on Electron Cyclotron Emission (ECE) and Electron Cyclotron Resonance Heating (ECRH) and related technologies. The papers address the physics, both theory and experiment, of ECE and ECRH. The technologies of high power millimeter-wave sources — gyrotrons — and transmission lines and launchers are included. The focus is on physics and technology relevant to the research and development of nuclear fusion.
Ein Gyrotron wird in magnetisch eingeschlossenen Plasmaexperimenten für Heizung, Stromtrieb, Plasmastabilisierung und Plasmadiagnostik verwendet. In dieser Arbeit wird der erste Entwurf und Bau eines Mehrfrequenz-/Mehrzweck Pre-Prototyp Gyrotrons in koaxialer Technologie vorgestellt, das bei (136)/170/204 GHz mit einer Ausgangsleistung von 2 MW arbeitet. Dies ist der erste Schritt zum Betrieb bei Frequenzen bis zu 240 GHz unter Verwendung der Koaxialhohlraum-Gyrotrontechnologie. - A gyrotron is used in magnetically confined plasma experiments for heating, current drive, plasma stabilization and plasma diagnostics. This work presents the first design and construction of a multi-frequency / multi-purpose coaxial-cavity pre-prototype gyrotron operating at (136)/170/204 GHz with an output power of 2 MW. It is the first step towards operating frequencies up to 240 GHz using the coaxial-cavity gyrotron technology.
This book gives a comprehensive overview of hydrogen negative ion sources and their applications to particle acceleration and nuclear fusion. The book begins with fundamental aspects of negative ion production by volume and surface processes in hydrogen and its isotopes. It covers key topics, such as the need for separation of negative ion production and extraction regions, the need for lowering the work function of the plasma electrode by using caesium vapor or special materials for caesium-free sources, and the ion extractor structure required for hydrogen negative ion sources. Chapters covering various specific ion sources and applications are written by scientists who participated in their development and include sources for accelerators and for neutral beam injection into controlled nuclear fusion reactors.
This report presents an update of the experimental achievements published in the review “State- of-the-Art of High-Power Gyro-Devices and Free Electron Masers”, Journal of Infrared, Millime-ter, and Terahertz Waves, 41, No. 1, pp 1-140 (2020) related to the development of gyro-devices (Tables 2-34). Emphasis is on high-power gyrotron oscillators for long-pulse or continuous wave (CW) operation and pulsed gyrotrons for any applications.
Das Institut für Hochleistungsimpuls- und Mikrowellentechnik (IHM) forscht auf den Gebieten der gepulsten Leistung und der Hochleistungsmikrowellentechnologie. Die Anwendungen für Impulsstromtechnologien reichen von der Materialbearbeitung bis zur Bioelektrik. Hochleistungsmikrowellentechnologien konzentrieren sich auf HF-Quellen (Gyrotrons) für die Elektronenzyklotronresonanzheizung von magnetisch eingeschlossenen Plasmen und auf Anwendungen für die Materialbearbeitung bei Mikrowellenfrequenzen. - The Institute for Pulsed Power and Microwave Technology (IHM) is doing research in the areas of pulsed power and high-power microwave technologies. Applications for pulsed power technologies are ranging from materials processing to bioelectrics. High power microwave technologies are focusing on RF sources (gyrotrons) for electron cyclotron resonance heating of magnetically confined plasmas and on applications for materials processing at microwave frequencies.
Salford was late in recruiting for its Pals battalions, with many of its men already joining Territorial units and a new Pals battalion in Manchester. Yet within a year it had raised four Pals battalions and a reserve battalion. Raised mainly from Lancashire's most notorious slums, the men trained together in Wales, North East England, and on Salisbury Plain, they had great expectations of success. On the 1st of July 1916, the Somme offensive was launched and in the very epicenter of that cauldron the first three of Salford's battalions were thrown at the massive defenses of Thiepval - the men were decimated, Salford was shattered. Michael Stedman records the impact of the war from the start on Salford and follows the difficulties and triumphs. Whether the actions small or great the author writes graphically about them all. Unusual photographs and a variety of sources make this both a readable and a scholarly account.