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This Book Originally Appeared In 1951 Under The Title Makers Of Pakistan And Modern Muslim India(By A.H. Albiruni), And Has Been An Important Source Book For The History Of The Period It Deals With.The Earlier Book, As Its Title Indicat¬Ed, Was An Account Of The Lives And Activities Of The Leaders Who Enabled Muslim India To Recover From The Loss Of Political Power Culminating In The Exile Of The Last Mughul Emperor In 1858, And Who So Guided Its Affairs As To Lead To The Establishment Of The Independent State Of Pakistan.The Original Book Has Been Greatly Enlarged And, Although The Approach Remains Basically Biographical, Many New Chapters Giving The Background Of The Period And Various Historical Developments Have Been Added. Out Of The Fifteen Chapters, Five Are Entirely New, Including A Long Chapter On The Developments In The Areas Which Now Constitute Pakistan With Considerable Additions In Others. Personalities From Muslim Bengal Have Been Fully Dealt With, And Advantage Has Been Taken Of The Publication Of Considerable New Material Relating To Partition To Make The Account Comprehensive. An Im¬Portant New Section Relates To Jinnah, The Man And The Statesman.
Neutrosophic graph (NG) is a powerful tool in graph theory, which is capable of modeling many real-life problems with uncertainty due to unclear, varying, and indeterminate information. Meanwhile, the fuzzy graphs (FGs) and intuitionistic fuzzy graphs (IFGs) may not handle these problems as efficiently as NGs. It is difficult to model uncertainty due to imprecise information and vagueness in real-world scenarios. Many real-life optimization problems are modeled and solved using the well-known fuzzy graph theory.
The Ahmadiyya Case of South Africa is an account of the litigation in Cape Town between Muslims of the Lahore Ahmadiyya Movement and local Sunni Muslim religious bodies which ended in November 1985 with the court judgment declaring the Lahore Ahmadiyya to be Muslims. The case was instituted by Lahore Ahmadiyya members as they were being defamed as unbelievers and apostates by the local anti-Ahmadiyya Ulama and denied their religious rights as Muslims. During the litigation the anti-Ahmadiyya parties, the defendants, had the support of the topmost theological and legal experts from Pakistan where the Ahmadiyya are officially branded as non-Muslims by law. But the defendants and their expert witnesses never had the intention of appearing in court as their false propaganda could never succeed in a fair and impartial forum. This book contains a history of the case and reactions to the judgment. It reproduces the text of the judgment, and consists mostly of the extensive documentary evidence submitted by the Lahore Ahmadiyya side, prepared by Maulana Hafiz Sher Mohammad and translated into English by Zahid Aziz.
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Publisher’s note: This is a 2nd edition due to an article retraction.
Advances in biochemistry, molecular biology, virology, and structural biology have enabled the researchers in veterinary medicine to make many exciting discoveries that have, in some cases, conceptually revolutionized our understanding of the discipline. Emerging Trends in Veterinary Virology is a review of selected topics about viral infections in animals. 11 chapters cover recent findings about specific viruses that infect a variety of hosts. The contents cover several types of veterinary infections in birds (Infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT), avian leucosis), cats (feline rabies), dogs (canine distemper), bovines (viral leukemia) and equines (hendra virus disease). Additionally, special topics such as the epidemiology of veterinary zoonoses and SARS are also covered. The book provides updated information for researchers (virologists, microbiologists), students and veterinarians, alike.