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The Inverse Problem of the Calculus of Variations for Ordinary Differential Equations
This monograph explores various aspects of the inverse problem of the calculus of variations for systems of ordinary differential equations. The main problem centres on determining the existence and degree of generality of Lagrangians whose system of Euler-Lagrange equations coicides with a given system of ordinary differential equations. The authors rederive the basic necessary and sufficient conditions of Douglas for second order equations and extend them to equations of higher order using methods of the variational bicomplex of Tulcyjew, Vinogradov, and Tsujishita. The authors present an algorithm, based upon exterior differential systems techniques, for solving the inverse problem for second order equations. a number of new examples illustrate the effectiveness of this approach.
Advanced Analytic Number Theory: L-Functions
Since the pioneering work of Euler, Dirichlet, and Riemann, the analytic properties of L-functions have been used to study the distribution of prime numbers. With the advent of the Langlands Program, L-functions have assumed a greater role in the study of the interplay between Diophantine questions about primes and representation theoretic properties of Galois representations. This book provides a complete introduction to the most significant class of L-functions: the Artin-Hecke L-functions associated to finite-dimensional representations of Weil groups and to automorphic L-functions of principal type on the general linear group. In addition to establishing functional equations, growth esti...
On the Existence of Feller Semigroups with Boundary Conditions
This paper is devoted to the functional analytic approach to the problem of construction of Feller semigroups with Ventcel' (Wentzell) boundary conditions. This paper considers the non-transversal case and solves from the viewpoint of functional analysis the problem of construction of Feller semigroups for elliptic Waldenfels operators. Intuitively, our result may be stated as follows: One can construct a Feller semigroup corresponding to such a diffusion phenomenon that a Markovian particle moves both by jumps and continuously in the state space until it "dies" at which time it reaches the set where the absorption phenomenon occurs.
Imbeddings of Three-Manifold Groups
This paper deals with the two broad questions of how 3-manifold groups imbed in one another and how such imbeddings relate to any corresponding [lowercase Greek]Pi1-injective maps. In particular, we are interested in 1) determining which 3-manifold groups are no cohopfian, that is, which 3-manifold groups imbed properly in themselves, 2) determining the knot subgroups of a knot group, and 3) determining when surgery on a knot [italic]K yields a lens (or "lens-like") space and the relationship of such a surgery to the knot-subgroup structure of [lowercase Greek]Pi1([italic]S3 - [italic]K). Our work requires the formulation of a deformation theorem for [lowercase Greek]Pi1-injective maps between certain kinds of Haken manifolds and the development of some algebraic tools.
A Generalization of Riemann Mappings and Geometric Structures on a Space of Domains in C$^n$
Similar in philosophy to the study of moduli spaces in algebraic geometry, the central theme of this book is that spaces of (pseudoconvex) domains should admit geometrical structures that reflect the complex geometry of the underlying domains in a natural way. With its unusual geometric perspective of some topics in several complex variables, this book appeals to those who view much of mathematics in broadly geometrical terms.
Projective Modules over Lie Algebras of Cartan Type
This paper investigates the question of linkage and block theory for Lie algebras of Cartan type. The second part of the paper deals mainly with block structure and projective modules of Lies algebras of types W and K.
Orientation and the Leray-Schauder Theory for Fully Nonlinear Elliptic Boundary Value Problems
The aim of this work is to develop an additive, integer-valued degree theory for the class of quasilinear Fredholm mappings. This class is sufficiently large that, within its framework, one can study general fully nonlinear elliptic boundary value problems. A degree for the whole class of quasilinear Fredholm mappings must necessarily accommodate sign-switching of the degree along admissible homotopies. The authors introduce ''parity'', a homotopy invariant of paths of linear Fredholm operators having invertible endpoints. The parity provides a complete description of the possible changes in sign of the degree and thereby permits use of the degree to prove multiplicity and bifurcation theorems for quasilinear Fredholm mappings. Applications are given to the study of fully nonlinear elliptic boundary value problems.
Vertex Algebras and Integral Bases for the Enveloping Algebras of Affine Lie Algebras
We present a new proof of the identities needed to exhibit an explicit [bold]Z-basis for the universal enveloping algebra associated to an affine Lie algebra. We then use the explicit [bold]Z-bases to extend Borcherds' description, via vertex operator representations, of a [bold]Z-form of the enveloping algebras for the simply-laced affine Lie algebras to the enveloping algebras associated to the unequal root length affine Lie algebras.
Sum of Even Powers of Real Linear Forms
This work initiates a systematic analysis of the representation of real forms of even degree as sums of powers of linear forms and the resulting implications in real algebraic geometry, number theory, combinatorics, functional analysis, and numerical analysis. The proofs utilize elementary techniques from linear algebra, convexity, number theory, and real algebraic geometry and many explicit examples and relevant historical remarks are presented.
