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中國婦女傳記詞典
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Civil-Military Relations in Chinese History
Modern studies of civil--military relations recognise that the military is separate from civil society, with its own norms and values, principles of organization, and regulations. Key issues of concern include the means by which – and the extent to which – the civil power controls the military; and also the ways in which military values and approaches permeate and affect wider society. This book examines these issues in relation to China, covering the full range of Chinese history from the Zhou, Qin, and Han dynasties up to the Communist takeover in 1949. It traces how civil--military relations were different in different periods, explores how military specialization and professionalization developed, and reveals how military weakness often occurred when the civil authority with weak policies exerted power over the military. Overall, the book shows how attitudes to the military’s role in present day Communist China were forged in earlier periods.
Frontiers in Clinical Drug Research: HIV
Frontiers in Clinical Drug Research – HIV is an eBook series that brings updated reviews to readers interested in learning about advances in the development of pharmaceutical agents for the treatment of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and other disorders associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. The scope of the eBook series covers a range of topics including the medicinal chemistry and pharmacology of natural and synthetic drugs employed in the treatment of AIDS (including HAART) and resulting complications, and the virology and immunological study of HIV and related viruses. Frontiers in Clinical Drug Research – HIV is a valuable resource for pharmaceutical scientists, clinicians and postgraduate students seeking updated and critically important information for developing clinical trials and devising research plans in HIV/AIDS research. The second volume of this series features 5 chapters that cover a variety of topics including: - HIV-1 Integrase Inhibitors - HIV in vaginal mucosa - Long-Acting Antiretroviral Formulations -The world of people living with HIV/AIDS.
Biographical Dictionary of Chinese Women: v. 1: The Qing Period, 1644-1911
The first biographical dictionary in any Western language devoted solely to Chinese women, this reference is the product of years of research, translation, and writing by a team of over 60 China scholars from around the world. Compiled from a wide array of original sources, these detailed biographies present the lives, work, and significance of more than 200 Chinese women from many different backgrounds and areas of interest.
Teachers of the Inner Chambers
This pathbreaking work argues that literate gentry women in 17th-century Jiangnan, far from being oppressed or silenced, created a rich culture and meaningful existence within the constraints of the Confucian system. Momentous socioeconomic and intellectual changes in 17th-century Jiangnan provided the stimulus for the flowering of women's culture. The most salient of these changes included a flourishing of commercial publishing, the rise of a reading public, a new emphasis on emotions, the promotion of women's education, and, more generally, the emergence of new definitions of womanhood. The author reconstructs the social, emotional and intellectual worlds of 17th-century women, and in doing so provides a new way to conceptualize China's past, one offering a more realistic and complete understanding of the values of Chinese culture and the functioning of Chinese society.
The Mythistorical Chinese Scholar-Rebel-Advisor Li Yan
Roger Des Forges here examines the puzzle of Li Yan, a Chinese scholar who advised the rebel Li Zicheng (1605-1645), and helped him to overthrow the Ming, only to die at his hands. For more than three centuries, Li Yan’s identity and even existence were seriously questioned. Then, in 2004, there was discovered a genealogical manuscript which includes a Li Yan (1606-1644). He now appears to be the principal historical reality behind the Li Yan story, which became a powerful metaphor for the rise and fall of Li Zicheng’s rebellion. Offering a fresh theory of Chinese and world history, the author elucidates Li Yan’s historical significance by comparing and contrasting him with similar figures in other times and places around the globe.
Representing Lives in China
The chapters in this ground-breaking volume examine the complex practices of biographical writing in Ming and Qing China. The authors draw on a rich variety of sources to answer some basic questions: Who were the writers of these texts and the subjects of their biographical constructions? What motivated these textual productions and sustained the routes from (re)creations to (re)publications? The informed and fascinating readings illuminate the enduring appeal of representing and represented lives in Chinese history.
The Scholar's Mind
Professor Frederick W. Mote (1922–2006) has been widely recognized as a key figure in the field of Sinology. He taught at Princeton University for thirty-one years and was a founder of both Princeton's Department of East Asian Studies and its re-markable Gest (East Asian) Library. His distinguished record of scholarly publication includes the co-editing, with Professor Denis C. Twitchett, of volumes seven and eight of the Cambridge History of China. Although he is perhaps best known for his studies of the Ming dynasty, his special erudition, as demonstrated in his final book, Imperial China, 900-1800, spans the Song through Qing periods. Generations of his students and colleagues have admired him not only for his learning but for his generosity in sharing his broad understanding of China. This wide-ranging collection includes papers by David A. Sensabaugh, Geoff Wade, Hok-lam Chan, Tai-loi Ma, Martin Hei-jdra, Chen-main Wang, Thomas Bartlett, Paul R. Katz, Alfreda Murck and Perry Link. Its publication stands not only as a tribute to Professor Mote but as a major contribution to the field of Sinology.
Negotiating Masculinities in Late Imperial China
Why did traditional Chinese literati so often identify themselves with women in their writing? What can this tell us about how they viewed themselves as men and how they understood masculinity? How did their attitudes in turn shape the martial heroes and other masculine models they constructed? Martin Huang attempts to answer these questions in this valuable work on manhood in late imperial China. He focuses on the ambivalent and often paradoxical role played by women and the feminine in the intricate negotiating process of male gender identity in late imperial cultural discourses. Two common strategies for constructing and negotiating masculinity were adopted in many of the works examined h...
The Mechanism of Tumor Evolution and Microenvironmental Changes of Genitourinary Oncology in Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment,volume II
Tumor microenvironment (TME) is a bidirectional, dynamic and intricate network of interactions between tumor cells and mesenchymal tissue cells. Therefore, an in-depth study in TME is of great significance for clarifying tumor biology and molecular mechanisms during tumorigenesis and progression. The genitourinary tumors mainly include relatively high-incidence malignant prostate cancer, kidney cancer and bladder cancer, and relatively rare adrenocortical cancer, penile cancer, and so on. There are various complex intercellular communications in genitourinary tumor microenvironment. Many cells reprogram their metabolic pathways to adapt to an acidic hypoxic environment, providing energy support for growth and metastasis of genitourinary tumors. The heterogeneity of genitourinary TME makes tumor progression quite different between individuals. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the interaction between tumor cells and stromal components, the key components that exert anti-tumor immunity (such as cytotoxic T lymphocytes, TAM, MDSC, etc.) and other genitourinary tumor microenvironment characterizations
