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Women and Low-Skilled Workers
Increasing retirements & declining fertility rates could affect the labor force growth in many developed countries. To maintain the size & productivity of the labor force, many gov'ts. & employers have introduced strategies to keep workers, such as women & low-skilled workers, in the workforce throughout their working lives. The author was asked to: (1) describe the policies & practices implemented in other developed countries that may help women & low-wage/low-skilled workers enter & remain in the labor force; (2) examine the targeted groups¿ employment following the implementation of the policies & practices; & (3) identify the factors that affect employees¿ use of workplace benefits & the resulting implications. Charts & tables.
International Trade
Much attention has focused on the topic of offshoringÓ of information technology (IT) & other services to lower-wage locations abroad. OffshoringÓ of services generally refers to an organization's purchase from other countries of services that it previously procured or purchased domestically, such as software programming or telephone call centers. This report: (1) describes the nature of offshoring activities & the factors that encourage offshoring, (2) discuss what U.S. government data show about the extent of this practice by the private sector & Federal & state governments, & (3) discuss available data on the potential effects of services offshoring on the U.S. economy. Charts & tables.
Offshoring of Services
Much attention has focused on the offshoringÓ of services to lower-wage locations abroad. Offshoring generally refers to an org. purchase of goods or services from abroad that were previously produced domestically. Extensive public debate has arisen about both the potential benefits of services offshoring, such as lower consumer prices & higher U.S. productivity, as well as the potential costs, such as increased job displacement for selected U.S. workers. This report: provides an overview of experts' views on the potential impacts of services offshoring; describes the types of policies that have been proposed in response to offshoring; & highlights some key areas where add'l. research might help advance the debate about offshoring. Illus.
Food Stamp Program: Payment Errors and Trafficking Have Declined Despite Increased Program Participation
The U.S. Dept. of Agriculture's (USDA) Food Stamp Program is intended to help low-income individuals and families obtain a better diet by supplementing their income with benefits to purchase food. This testimony discusses two issues related to ensuring integrity of the program: (1) improper payments to food stamp participants; and (2) trafficking in food stamp benefits. For the payment error report, the auditor analyzed program quality control data and interviewed program stakeholders, including state and local officials. For the trafficking report, the auditor interviewed agency officials, visited field offices, conducted case file reviews, and analyzed data from the USDA¿s retailer database. Charts and tables.
