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This unique work introduces the basic principles of artificial intelligence with applications in geographical teaching and research, GIS, and planning. Written in an accessible, non-technical and witty style, this book marks the beginning of the Al revolution in geography with major implications for teaching and research. The authors provide an easy to understand basic introduction to Al relevant to geography. There are no special mathematical and statistical skills needed, indeed these might well be a hindrance. Al is a different way of looking at the world and it requires a willingness to experiment, and readers who are unhindered by the baggage of obsolete technologies and outmoded philos...
Neural nets offer a fascinating new strategy for spatial analysis, and their application holds enormous potential for the geographic sciences. However, the number of studies that have utilized these techniques is limited. This lack of interest can be attributed, in part, to lack of exposure, to the use of extensive and often confusing jargon, and to the misapprehension that, without an underlying statistical model, the explanatory power of the neural net is very low. Neural Nets: Applications for Geography attacks all three issues; the text demonstrates a wide variety of neural net applications in geography in a simple manner, with minimal jargon. The volume presents an introduction to neura...
One of the ongoing problems researchers in geography and GIS have is studying data that is inherently spatial over a long period of time. One of the main hurdles they have to overcome is the study of groups of people classified by their socio-economic status (one of the main means for governments, companies and research organisations to group together segments of the population). The amount of data collected by governments, business and research organisations has increased markedly in recent years. Geographic Information Systems have been more widely used than ever before for the storage and analysis of this information. Most GIS can handle this information spatially rather than temporally, ...
Whither geographical information systems GIS? This book - the second in a series - presents GIS research at the cutting edge, deriving from presentations made to the second GIS Research UK Conference GISRUK, a transdisciplinary focus meeting supported by the Association for Geographic lnformation AGI and the UK Regional Research Laboratories Initiative, and comprising contributions - all fully reviewed for publication - from leading experts from geography computer science, land use and resources, environmental science, ecology and urban and regional planning.; The book is founded on the premise that GIS is "the province of no one discipline", and its mission is thus to foster communication, to demonstrate the commonality of problems, and to offer alternative solutions from a variety of sources. It focuses on data base issues - attributes; their location; their appropriate and rapid retrieval; spatial analysis - the statistical interrogation of spatial and aspatial attributes; decision-making - the interface between people and computational support; visualization - beyond the metaphor of the static, paper, map; and applications extending the use and usefulness of GIS.
This book aims to offer research at the cutting edge. The individual chapters are fully revised and updated versions of contributions to the first focused scientific symposium on research in geographic information systems GISRUK. The book provides the reader with a comprehensive outline of the full range and diversity of innovative research programmes in the science of GIS. Chapters address key issues such as computational support; spatial analysis and error; and application and implementation.
The ability to manipulate spatial data in different forms and to extract additional meaning from them is at the heart of GIS, yet genuine spatial analysis tools are rarely incorporated into commercial software, thus seriously limiting their usefulness. The future of GIS technology wil depend largely on the incorporation of more powerful analytical and modelling functions - and there is agreement within the GIS community of the urgent need to address these issues. This text attempts this task. It presents the latest information on incorporating spatial analysis tools into GIS, and includes concepts and applications from both the environmental and socio-econimc sciences.
Integrating Information with GI Technology examines the components necessary for building infrastructure to support the panoly of Geographic Information (GI) research and services. These include novel approaches to two- and three-dimensional spatial analysis and spatio-temporal modelling. The book establishes the case for the Web as the technological backbone of internet and intranet environments, whilst recognising the importance of efficient implementation and the need for high-performance computing to deliver services and share data in an effective manner. This book represents a change in the direction of the Innovation series by focusing on the most innovative current research and professionals in the expanding market for GI services should find this an invaluable resource.
Scale has long been a fundamental concept in geography. Its importance is emphasised in geographical information science (GIScience) where the computational domain necessitates the rigorous definition and handling of scale. Geographical information systems are now used in almost every walk of life, but scale is often handled poorly in such systems. Modelling Scale in Geographical Information Science is written by an international team of contributors drawn from both industry and academia, and considers models and methods of scaling spatial data in both human and physical systems. Divided into three sections to give a balanced coverage of the key problems, tools and models associated with scale: * Fractal Models * The Modifiable Areal Unit Problem * Changing the Scale of Measurement This book is an essential read for all GIScience researchers, advanced students and practitioners who want to delve more deeply into the scale issues of the spatial data and spatial models that form the basis of their analyses.
To date, no one volume in the Innovations in GIS series has been given over to solely highlighting the use of up-to-date GIS-based techniques in a range of socio-economic applications. This monograph redresses this gap. The book begins with a short introductory chapter on the fundamental principles of GIS, followed by an examination of recen