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The New York Times said of Józef Hieronim Retinger that he was on intimate terms with most leading statesmen of the Western World, including presidents of the United States. He has been repeatedly acknowledged as one of the principle architects of the movement for European unity after the World War II, and one of the outstanding creative political influences of the post war period. He has also been credited with being the dark master behind the so-called "Bilderberg Group," described variously as an organization of idealistic internationalists, and a malevolent global conspiracy. Before that, Retinger involved himself in intelligence activities during World War II and, given the covert and semi-covert nature of many of his activities, it is little wonder that no biography has appeared about him. This book draws on a broad range of international archives to rectify that.
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A study of major military innovations in the 1920s and 1930s.
Zimmerman examines the attitude and behavior of the Polish Underground towards the Jews during the Holocaust.
General W?adys?aw Sikorski was the Head of the wartime Polish Government and Polish Commander-in-Chief, 1939-1943. Sikorski rose to prominence in Poland between 1910 and 1918 as part of the movement towards Polish independence, achieved in 1918. In 1920 Sikorski was largely responsible for the defeat of the Red Army. In 1926 he fell from favor following a military coup. During this fallow period, 1926-1939, Sikorski traveled, mainly in France. He also wrote influential military-science treatises. In September 1939 Germany and the Soviet Union invaded and annexed Poland. Sikorski, his military offices refused by the Polish Government, fled to Romania. There he was intercepted by the French am...
Drawing on newly accessible archives as well as memoirs and other sources, this biographical dictionary documents the lives of some two thousand notable figures in twentieth-century Central and Eastern Europe. A unique compendium of information that is not currently available in any other single resource, the dictionary provides concise profiles of the region's most important historical and cultural actors, from Ivo Andric to King Zog. Coverage includes Albania, Belarus, the Czech and Slovak Republics, Hungary, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania and Moldova, Ukraine, and the countries that made up Yugoslavia.
This book analyzes the last phase of the Warsaw Pact based on unusually large-scale archival research conducted in many countries. Focusing on the changes in the organization’s functioning after Mikhail Gorbachev came to power in the Soviet Union, the author examines the role played by the Warsaw Pact in the final stages of the Cold War, as well as exploring the deepening conflicts between individual member states which resulted from the changing international situation and Gorbachev’s initiatives to reform the East European state-socialist dictatorships. The book argues that the causes of the rapid dissolution of the Warsaw Pact in the early 1990s were due to many complicated factors, n...
Vols. 1-4 include material to June 1, 1929.