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Social Sciences in Health Care and Medicine
Health care and medicine are dependent upon a close interaction with social sciences and professions in order to effectively treat patients. Athough medicines have becoming more and more targeted in recent times, it is the recovery of the patient which is the true test of the system whether it be in a hospital setting or within a daily societal setting. Such interactions may be psychological or interactions with social organisations essential to phase the patient back into society. This book presents new issues, experiences and research in the field from around the globe.
Medicare
Congress continues to register concern about the rapid rise in Medicare spending and the ability of existing funding mechanisms to support the program over the long-term. A combination of factors has contributed to the rapid increase in Medicare costs. These include increases in overall medical costs, advances in health care delivery and medical technology, the ageing of the population, and longer life spans. The issues confronting the program are not new; nor are the possible solutions likely to get any easier. For a number of years, various options have been suggested; however, legislative changes have focused on short-term issues. There is no consensus on the long-term approach that should be taken. This book provides an overview of Medicare. It begins with a brief program history, and then outlines the key features of Parts A and B, also known as "Original Medicare". That is followed by overviews of Part C and Part D, a discussion of program financing, and a brief discussion of future program directions. It will be updated to reflect any legislative changes.
Comparative Effectiveness of Medical Treatments
This book explores the comparative effectiveness of medical treatments as applied in the health care sector. An analysis of comparative effectiveness is simply a comparison of the impact of different options that are available for treating a given medical condition for a particular set of patients. These studies may compare both similar treatments, such as competing drugs, or they may analyse very different approaches, such as surgery and drug therapy. The analysis may focus only on the relative medical benefits and risks of each option, or it may go on to weigh both the costs and the benefits of those options. In some cases, a given treatment may be found more effective for all types of patients, but more commonly a key issue is determining which specific types would benefit most from it. Although some information about the effectiveness of new drugs, medical devices, or procedures is often available, rigorous comparisons of different treatment options are less common. Thus, this book compares and discusses which treatments work best for which patients and whether the added benefits of more-effective but more-expensive services are sufficient to warrant their added costs.
Medicare Payment Policies to Physicians
This book explores Medicare spending for physician services that has climbed more than 9 percent per year, since 2000. Slowing the increase in Medicare outlays is important; in fact, it is becoming urgent. Medicare's rising costs, particularly when coupled with the projected growth in the number of beneficiaries, threaten the sustainability of the program. As discussed in this book, the Medicare Trustees' warn that even their unrealistically constrained estimate of Part B spending growth will still significantly out pace growth in the U.S. economy. Thus, Part B and total Medicare spending growth will continue to put pressure on the federal budget. However, that pressure puts other national priorities, such as homeland security and education, at risk. This book examines the Medicare law that specifies a formula for calculating the annual update in payments for physicians' services. The concern of many members regarding the impact of potential payment reductions on patients' access to services is looked at as well.
Religion and China's Welfare Regimes
This book presents the welfare regime of China as a liminal space where religious and state authorities struggle for legitimacy as new social forces emerge. It offers a unique analysis of relations between religion and state in the People’s Republic of China by presenting how the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) tries to harness Buddhist resources to assist in the delivery of social services and sheds light on the intermingling of Buddhism and the state since 1949. This book will appeal to academics in social sciences and humanities and broader audiences interested in the social role of religions, charity, NGOs, and in social policy implementation. The author explores why the CCP turns to Buddhist followers and their leaders and presents a detailed view of Buddhist philanthropy, contextualized with an historical overview, a regional comparative perspective, and a review of policy debates. This book contributes to our understanding of secularity in a major non-Western society influenced by religions other than Christianity.
Health Care Costs
The U.S. political system arguably is not particularly effective at addressing gradual long-term problems such as rising health care costs and ageing. But the problems caused by rising health care costs are not just long-term ones. In fact, some of them are already having significant effects on various aspects of our society. Health care costs are already reducing workers' take-home pay to a degree that is both under-appreciated and at least partially unnecessary, consuming roughly a quarter of the federal budget, and putting substantial pressure on state budgets (mostly through the Medicaid program), thereby constraining funding for other governmental priorities. Identifying and addressing inefficiencies in the nation's health care system can yield significant benefits, even in the short term, and focusing attention on those effects that are already occurring may be helpful in developing the consensus necessary to make the needed changes.
