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Crescimento Económico - Uma Abordagem Moderna e Novas Tendências - 2a Edição
Porque crescem mais uns países do que outros? Porque são uns países mais ricos do que outros? Porque vão os países alterando a sua performance de crescimento ao longo da história? Um manual que expõe de forma pedagógica conteúdos publicados na literatura internacional da especialidade, essencialmente a partir da década de 80 do século xx, começando por cobrir tópicos de nível elementar e prosseguindo com tópicos de nível avançado usualmente ministrados em mestrados e doutoramentos em Economia.
Does Tourism Influence Economic Growth? A Dynamic Panel Data Approach
Abstract: On Average, tourism-specialized countries grow more than others. This is not consistent with the core of modern economic growth theory that suggests that economic growth is linked to sectors with high-tech intensity and large scale. In this paper, we use appropriate panel data methods to study the relationship between tourism and economic growth. In general we show that tourism is a positive determinant of economic growth both in a broad sample of countries and in a sample of poor countries. However, contrary to previous contributions, tourism is not more relevant in small countries than in a general sample
Immigration and Development
This book deals with several issues linking immigration and social development. Following several approaches, from economic to sociological ones, it covers the many effects of the rising phenomenon of immigration. It deals with the effects of immigration on economic growth, on human capital accumulation, and on the government budget. Moreover, it also includes contributions on the social integration of immigrants and on the effects they have in some different cities. It covers studies in countries such as Norway, the USA, Romania, and South Africa. The book Immigration and Development is an essential reading for those who want to get a social sciences multidisciplinary approach to immigration as a social phenomenon.
International Tourism and Economic Growth
On average, tourism-specialized countries grow more than others. This fact is inconsistent with economic theory as, in particular, endogenous growth theory suggests that economic growth is linked with: (1) sectors with high intensity in Ramp;D and thus high productivity; (2) large scale. In this paper, we use panel data methods to go further in treating the endogeneity problem. In general and contrary to previous works, we conclude that tourism, on its own, cannot explain the higher growth rates of these countries.
Immigration and Development
This book deals with several issues linking immigration and social development. Following several approaches, from economic to sociological ones, it covers the many effects of the rising phenomenon of immigration. It deals with the effects of immigration on economic growth, on human capital accumulation, and on the government budget. Moreover, it also includes contributions on the social integration of immigrants and on the effects they have in some different cities. It covers studies in countries such as Norway, the USA, Romania, and South Africa. The book Immigration and Development is an essential reading for those who want to get a social sciences multidisciplinary approach to immigration as a social phenomenon.
Mortality Rate and Property Rights in a Model with Human Capital and R&D.
We use a set of established growth models, which simultaneously include human capital and Ramp;D, to show that the effect of mortality rate in human capital accumulation is quantitatively more important than the effect of perfectly guaranteed patents on research. First, we show that the effect of mortality rate on human capital accumulation productivity may explain differences in growth paths and development levels across countries, accounting for the main features of economic development of the industrialized world in the last two centuries. Then, we explicitly compare the two types of expropriation (mortality rate and uncertainty in property rights).
Crescimento Económico
O livro cobre de forma sistemática e detalhada toda a teoria do crescimento económico desenvolvida a partir de meados do século XX até aos nossos dias, contrapondo os seus resultados com a evidência empírica existente. O livro contribui assim para um entendimento dos mecanismos do crescimento económico respondendo às questões (i) Porque crescem mais uns paises que outros?; (ii) porque são uns paises mais ricos que outros? (iii) Porque os paises vão alterando a sua performance de crescimento ao longo da sua história? Aborda a teoria neoclássica com as suas principais extensões e implicações empíricas e a teoria do crescimento endógeno, passando nesta pelos modelos baseados na acumulação de capital humano e na Investigação e Desenvolvimento. Como tópicos avançados, explora a transferência de tecnologia, a desigualdade salarial e a interação entre a tecnologia e o capital humano e as suas consequências para o crescimento.
Transitional Dynamics of an Endogenous Growth Model with an Erosion Effect
The convergence features of an endogenous growth model with physical capital, human capital and R&D have been studied. We add an erosion effect (supported by empirical evidence) to this model, and fully characterize its convergence properties. The dynamics is described by a fourth-order system of differential equations. We show that the model converges along a one-dimensional stable manifold and that its equilibrium is saddle-path stable, for most plausible values for the parameters. We also argue that one of the implications of considering this erosion effect is the increase in the adherence of the model to data.
High-Tech Human Capital
Research and Development (Ramp;D) endogenous growth models predict and most evidence show that investment in Ramp;D increase with economic development. We consider the type of human capital mainly used in research labs and show that the richest countries are investing proportionally less than middle income countries in engineering and technical human capital. We generalize this result, controlling for other explanatory variables, cross-time error correlations, heteroskedaticity and endogeneity bias. Thus, we establish a stylized fact (about human capital composition) that is a puzzle to economic theory: the ratio of high-tech to low-tech humancapital presents an inverted U-shaped relationship with GDP per capita.
