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The view of exemplar-based second language learning emphasizes the importance of frequency in learning grammar. According to this view, type frequency rather than token frequency contributes to learning generalized knowledge beyond item-based constructions. This book investigates how frequency in experiencing exemplars affects the learning of the English primary verb be by junior high school students in Japan. The study consists of a quasi-experiment and stimulated-recall analysis of the data. The quasi-experiment compares three kinds of output practice: practice with increased type frequency, practice with increased token frequency, and practice without increased frequency. The experiment also explores how the frequency effects relate to the extent of explicit knowledge about the target structures. In the stimulated-recall analysis, learners engaging in the type frequency practice and those engaging in the token frequency practice are compared in terms of thought processes employed while practicing. The book discusses how frequency promotes classroom second language learning by taking the role of awareness of form-meaning connections into consideration.
This volume offers a collection of papers which seek to provide further insights into the way scientific and technical knowledge is communicated (i.e., written, transmitted, and translated) nowadays, not only in the academic sphere but also in society as a whole. Language in science has traditionally been valued for prioritising objective, propositional content; however, interpersonal and pragmatic dimensions as well as translation perspectives are worth exploring in order to better understand the mechanisms of specialised communication. Accordingly, the contributions in this volume cover topics of special interest to scholars and researchers in the fields of linguistics and translation, such as the popularisation and transmission of scientific knowledge via ICTs; terminology and corpus-based studies in scientific discourse; genres and discourse in scientific and technical communication; the history and evolution of scientific language; and translation of scientific texts.
This volume investigates to what extent existing approaches to pragmatics and discourse shed light on how the form of a text creates stylistic effects. Taking a cross-cultural perspective, this book focuses on five key stylistic features of writing - paragraph structure, length and construction of sentences, organisation of information in sentences, relative formality of vocabulary, amount of nominalisation - widely seen as partly responsible for the different impressions created by academic writing in English and Italian. The author develops a theoretical framework for the investigation of intuitions about stylistic differences from a contrastive point of view. To this end, the book gives an overview of recent scholarly approaches to writing and reading, genre studies, contrastive rhetoric and the notions of style and stylistics, together with an assessment of several individual approaches.
How can you teach the English language to global English speakers? Can English be taught as an international language? Is it worth teaching? Isn't it more proper and profitable to learn a standard variety of English? How realistic and useful is the identification of an EIL/ELF variety? Can an EIL/ELF standard be identified? These are some of the questions the present volume has addressed with the contribution of some of the most qualified scholars in the field of English linguistics. The book is divided into four sections. The first part deals with the definition of English as an international language and English as a lingua franca. Section two takes six different teaching issues into consideration. The third section examines some learning issues and the last part of the volume debates the relationship between teacher and student in an English as a lingua franca environment.
This book explores how learners' personalities influence foreign language learning in Japan. In particular, this volume investigates three main research questions: What are the learning strategies generally employed by Japanese college students? What are the characteristic learning strategies of extroverts and introverts? Do extroversion and introversion have an impact on English listening proficiency? In the analysis carried out in the volume, both quantitative and qualitative research methods have been used. As regards the former, various types of questionnaires have been employed, measuring strategy use, personality characteristics, and English proficiency. As regards the latter, the strategies students use both in the classroom and in a tutorial learning situation have been observed, integrated with interviews with the students themselves regarding their use of learning strategies. In the last part of the book, the pedagogical implications of this study are examined with suggestions for both teachers and learners.
This book contains a collection of original research articles on lexicography written by prominent international scholars within the field. It aims at describing the state-of-the-art in lexicography at the beginning of the 21st century and at making proposals for future theoretical and practical work in the field. Theoretical lexicography currently has two competing theories: a contemplative theory focusing on the description of existing dictionaries on the basis of linguistic principles, and a function-based, transformative theory focusing on the dictionary and the user in order to develop new principles for dictionary research and dictionary making. Research in lexicography has now reached a crossroads and it is time to take stock of the present situation and try to identify the theories and principles that will set the agenda and point the direction for future lexicographic research and the production of printed and electronic dictionaries.
The goal of this volume is to present a collection of papers illustrating state-of-the-art research on prosody and affective speech in French and in English. The volume is divided into two parts. The first part focusses on the sociolinguistic parameters that can influence the manifestation and the interpretation of affective speech in prosody. The second part relies on the way emotion recognition is implemented in synthesis systems and how machine applications can contribute to a better description of emotion(s).
The history of regional 'Englishes' in the Early Modern period still presents numerous lacunae that need to be filled, in order to provide a complete insight into the English linguistic setting at this time. This book aims to remedy these deficiencies in some measure. In particular, this monograph seeks to shed light upon the history of Early Modern Northern English vocabulary by means of the first corpus of Early Modern texts where Northern linguistic traits are used for literary purposes. It provides a linguistically documented description of Northern words from a synchronic standpoint, dealing with their distribution, etymology, as well as with some of their morphological and semantic characteristics. In addition, this study offers a discussion of the Early Modern literary representations of Northern speech. A thorough revision of the treatment that Northern lexical items are given in contemporary and modern lexicographic sources is also presented, together with a glossary that outlines the diachronic profile of the terms gathered.
This book puts forward the specialised lexicographical approach (SLA) as the result of a natural evolution in the field of specialised dictionary-making that goes a step further the «mere» terminographical practice. The kind of specialised lexicographical works to be obtained with this approach are specialised, active, user-friendly, user-focused, corpus-based dictionaries deeply grounded on the belief that terminology has a practical, communicative dimension that terminographical works have not normally reflected. All through this book the theoretical and applied aspects of this approach have been illustrated by showing the elaboration process of an active, corpus-based, bilingual (Englis...
This book offers readers a basic grounding in L2 vocabulary acquisition. In addition, it provides theoretical analyses and empirical data regarding Chinese learners of English: their specific learning difficulties, needs, strategies, etc. The book provides an overview of the research in L2 vocabulary acquisition in the last two decades. Linguistic, psycholinguistic, socio-cultural, neurolinguistic, and corpus linguistics analyses are considered. The book constructs a comprehensive framework for Computer Assisted Vocabulary Learning (CAVL). This is achieved by providing an overview of vocabulary learning in CALL and then proposing a big framework within which most vocabulary learning programs can be conceptualized. The author then gives a detailed account of how Chinese learners approach English vocabulary learning. She provides an up-to-date picture of the overall situation regarding the language policies adopted, the traditional, orthodox approach to language learning, and the recent reforms implemented in Chinese universities. General and specific vocabulary learning difficulties encountered by Chinese learners are documented and analysed and empirical studies are reported.