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Reducing Planning Problems by Path Reduction
Planning is among the characteristic features of intelligence and therefore it is a central research topic of Intellectics since its beginning. Although planning is a very hard task, recent planning systems have achieved an astonishing performance and are applied in various fields. One reason for the success of these systems lies, among others, in the exploitation of structural properties that are present in many but not all problems. The use of such structural properties therefore leads to a specialization on a class of problems. Their exploitation is often conducted by a preprocessing step, i.e., by the application of a special algorithm prior to the search for a plan. This work identifies and examines the class of c-invariants as such a structural property of planning problems. c-Invariants are state invariants and are present in many problems of practical interest. Building on the features of c-invariants, the dissertation presents path reduction, a preprocessing technique that can significantly simplify planning problems. Finally, the work describes an implementation of path reduction and examines its application.
Recent Advances in AI Planning
This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed post-proceedings of the 5th European Conference on Planning, ECP'99, held in Durham, UK, in September 1999. The 27 revised full papers presented together with one invited survey were carefully reviewed and selected for inclusion in the book. They address all current aspects of AI planning and scheduling. Several prominent planning paradigms are represented, including planning as satisfiability and other model checking strategies, planning as heuristic state-space search, and Graph-plan-based approaches. Moreover, various new scheduling approaches and combinations of planning and scheduling methods are introduced.
Agricultural Expansion and Pioneer Settlements in the Humid Tropics
UN publication sales no. E.88.III.A.4
Distributed Applications and Interoperable Systems
The scope of LNCS, including its subseries LNAI and LNBI, spans the whole range of computer science and information technology including interdisciplinary topics in a variety of application field. --Book Jacket.
Inside Party Headquarters
Everyday life in the East German Socialist Unity Party revolved heavily around maintaining the “party line” in all areas of society, whether through direct authority or corruption. Spanning a long period of the GDR’s history, from 1946 through 1989, Rüdiger Bergien presents the first study that examines the complexities of the central party’s communist apparatus. He focuses on their role as ideological watchdogs, as they fostered an underbelly and “inner life” for their employees to integrate the party’s pillars throughout East German society. Inside Party Headquarters reviews not only the party’s modes power and state interaction, but also the processes of negotiation and disputation preceding formal Politburo decisions, advancing the available detail and discourse surrounding this formative and volatile stretch of German history.
SOCCER WORLD 2012/2013
Soccer World è l'unico annuario statistico sul calcio internazionale prodotto interamente in Italia. Forte di una quantità innumerevole di statistiche il volume permette di conoscere informazioni spesso non comuni ad altre pubblicazioni del settore come per esempio i dati societari di tutti i club presenti, gli organici minuziosamente aggiornati di oltre 500 squadre e l'analisi tattica di ognuna di esse con le disposizioni in campo dei giocatori. Inoltre l'elenco dei più importanti movimenti del calciomercato estivo uniti ad un resoconto dettagliato della stagione precedente con il palmarès di ogni squadra rendono ogni edizione una piccola pietra miliare nel suo genere. Utile sia per l'esperto del settore che per il semplice appassionato. Imperdibile!
