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Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a complex and heterogeneous disorder, phenotypically and biologically. MDD may be caused by complex interaction between genes and environment in susceptible individuals. Thus, a combination of certain genetic polymorphism, environmental stress, and personal susceptibility ultimately may induce MDD. Gene-environment interactions in the pathophysiology of MDD lead to advancement in personalized medicine by means of genotyping for inter-individual variability in drug action and metabolism. Gene-environment interactions may explain why some subjects become depressed while others remain unaffected. The aim of this book is to describe current knowledge of MDD from the point of view of neurobiology, molecular genetics and cognition. The authors address a deep understanding of cognitive and neurobiological mechanisms involved in MDD.
This volume explores the central issues driving the present process of healthcare reform in Europe. 17 chapters written by scholars and policy makers from all parts of Europe draw together the available evidence from epidemiology and public health, economics, public policy, organizational behaviour and management theory as well as real world policy making experience, laying out the options that health sector decision-makers confront. Through its cross-disciplinary, cross-national approach, the book highlights the underlying trends that now influence health policy formulation across Europe. An authoritative introduction provides a broad synthesis of present trends and strategies in European health policy.
Cancer treatment has enjoyed half a century of healthy development, relying mainly on surgery, cytotoxic therapy and radiation. Achievements and successes are well reflected in the longer survival period and better quality of life. Nonetheless, cancer still spreads locally, recurs, metastasizes and remains one of the top killers.Instead of concentrating on cancer removal, it has become obvious that supportive measures are also important. These include the means to improve quality of life during treatment and to contain tumor growth. To this end, herbal medicine appears to offer holistic support via as yet unknown pathways.This volume reveals the practice of cancer treatment using herbs from all over the world, including China, India and Japan. It provides comprehensive information about the herbs commonly used, the logic of using the herbs, some of the mechanisms of action and other means of palliative treatment. While cancer victims have a thirst for choosing their own supplementary treatment, health providers have a duty to explain to them the justifications and the options.
The Oxford Textbook of Social Psychiatry serves as a comprehensive reference to the historical, theoretical, and practical aspects of social psychiatry, and its role in the management of psychiatric disorders. Written and edited by leading experts and rising stars in the field of social psychiatry, this textbook provides an authoritative and global look at social psychiatry, covering a wealth of topics and up-to-date research in 79 chapters. Divided into eight sections, this resource covers an overview of the history and development of social psychiatry, as well as the social world of families, culture, and identity, focusing on key issues such as globalisation, pandemics, trauma, spirituality, and gender. Clinical conditions and special vulnerable groups are also explored, with topics such as the mental health of prisoners, somatisation, and eating disorders. Case studies of specific geographical locations provide a critical overview of global mental health today and the challenges faced in different setting, such as low- and middle-income countries.
It is easy for reformers and their overseas advisers to develop conceptually strong plans for health sector reform that appeal to governments, donors, and academics. Transforming these plans into successful action has proved to be extremely difficult. Toward the goal of improving assistance to this sector, the Economic Development Institute (EDI) of the World Bank held a seminar in Ashgabat, Turkmenistan in June 1996. This publication provides a summary of the proceedings and papers presented at that seminar. It was attended by delegations from five countries in Central Asia and from Azerbaijan and Mongolia. The content of this volume emphasizes topics central to the restructuring of health sector financing and health care delivery systems at a time of transition to market economies and to democracy. Maintaining and improving the health status of the population while preventing rapid escalation of health care expenditure were the recurrent themes throughout the seminar.
Tiamin beyin, bağışıklık sistemi, kalp ve kasların iyi çalışmasını sağlayan bir vitamindir. Gıdalardan enerji üretilmesini sağlayan tiamin, insülin salgısını artırarak metabolizmayı hızlandırır, iltihabı önler, kanda oksijeni artırır, mide asit salgısını, bağırsakların hareketini ve pankreas enzim salınımını artırarak sindirime yardımcı olur. Ayrıca analjezik, antioksidan, anti-epileptik ve antidepresan etkileri vardır. Tiamin B6 vitamininin aktif hale gelmesini sağladığı gibi B12 ve folik asit vitaminlerinin metilasyonunu destekler. Tiamin eksikliği son yıllarda yüksek kalorili beslenme nedeniyle salgın halinde artmış ve mitokondri bozukl...
This fascinating book gives readers an appreciation of how biomedical research should work and how the reality is all too often seriously flawed. Explaining the logical basis of the different research approaches used by biomedical research scientists and their relative merits, it will help readers to make more realistic appraisal of media reports linking aspects of lifestyle, environment or diet to health outcomes and thus judge whether such claims are a real effect worthy of consideration for behavior change or deserving of further research resources. Key features: increases awareness of research fraud and some of the characteristics of fraudulent science and scientific fraudsters shows tha...
An essential handbook for clinicians providing practical information and guidance on the management of lithium treated patients.