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Transgenic Organisms
This selected collection of contributions focuses on the modification of organisms through genetic manipulation. Scientists from various disciplines assess the quality of our knowledge on which risk assessment of gene technology methods is currently based. Molecular biology and ecology, but also aspects of evolutionary and population genetics, human genetics and genetically modified food are among the topics covered. The book analyzes the impetus behind, and progress in, research methods which have been introduced into gene-technology risk assessment procedures over the last three years, and, in so doing, reveals gaps in our understanding of evolutionary processes. The history of risk assessment and ethical implications with respect to the deliberate release of GMOs are considered. Finally, the transfer of knowledge from the laboratory to the public, and the role of the media in this process are discussed. This monograph will be of great interest to all those concerned with the risk assessment of genetechnology methods.
Nature of the Miracle Years
After 1945, those responsible for conservation in Germany resumed their work with a relatively high degree of continuity as far as laws and personnel were concerned. Yet conservationists soon found they had little choice but to modernize their views and practices in the challenging postwar context. Forced to change by necessity, those involved in state-sponsored conservation institutionalized and professionalized their efforts, while several private groups became more confrontational in their message and tactics. Through their steady and often conservative presence within the mainstream of West German society, conservationists ensured that by 1970 the map of the country was dotted with hundreds of reserves, dozens of nature parks, and one national park. In doing so, they assured themselves a strong position to participate in, rather than be excluded from, the left-leaning environmental movement of the 1970s.
Eco Targets, Goal Functions, and Orientors
This volume comprises the proceedings of the International Workshop on Eco logical Goal Functions, held at the Schleswig-Holstein Cultural Center of Salzau, August 30 -September 4, 1996. The conference - first in a series - intended to be convened at Salzau at 1 -2 year intervals to address various aspects of theo retical and application-oriented ecology, was initiated, organized and carried out under the auspices of the Ecology Center of the Kiel University. It featured key note addresses, invited lectures, submitted papers, and posters. 32 contributions written by authors from eight countries, were selected to be presented in this book. From the very rich discussions of the workshop, some ...
Holding Corporations Accountable
At a time when the gigantic transnationals have a huge impact on human health, the environment, working conditions and the economic prospects of nations, this book explores whether it is sufficient to continue to rely on industry self-regulation alone. Before widening her focus to the general issues, the author examines the now famous case of the infant food industry. Almost two decades after the introduction of the WHO/Unicef Code seeking to regulate the marketing of formula milk substitutes, an estimated one and a half million babies die unnecessarily every year as a result of formula feeding. How effective, therefore, has the Code been in changing industry behaviour? The author argues tha...
Bioethics
This book is a philosophically-oriented introduction to bioethics. It offers the reader an overview of key current debates in bioethics in the areas including organ retrieval, stem cell research, justice in healthcare and issues in environmental ethics including issues surrounding food and agriculture. The book also seeks to go beyond describing the issues in order to provide the reader with the methodological and theoretical tools for a more comprehensive understanding of bioethical debates. The book investigates the theoretical foundations and normative implications of bioethical debates and situates the areas of ethics into their philosophical context.
Environmental Issues in Political Discourse in Britain and Ireland
This book examines the political response to current environmental concerns in the context of the British Isles. How have the issues been assimilated by political parties? Which ones have been given priority? Who are the main actors and what is the role of ecologists? Answers to questions such as these are provided in this collective work, not only through valuable insights into the theories and concepts found in political ecology, but also with specific examination of present political debates, such as the Liberal Democrats’ stance, the question of nuclear energy or the salient issue of climate change. A recurring theme is the link between landscape and identity, explored in the contexts of Welsh, Scottish and Irish nationalisms. While this volume reveals some cases of genuine commitment and effective action, it also highlights discrepancies between statements of intent on the one hand and implemented policies on the other. The authors’ aim is to promote dialogue among politicians, experts and academics in the field of environmental issues, political and social sciences, linguistics and discourse.
Fake Hybrid Sites Palimpsest
The attempt to demarcate things somehow always seems to go wrong. Boundaries, no matter how carefully drawn, are leaky. Things (concepts, languages, cells, symptoms, objects, values, people, and other species) are identified, multiply, circulate, and disappear again. The transdisciplinary anthology Fake Hybrid Sites Palimpsest. Essays on Leakages is dedicated to a series of productive leakages and permeabilities, focusing attention on composite systems, attachments, infestations, and perturbations. The essays – composed of words and images – navigate between disciplines and practices and address a variety of objects and structures: blood, species, viruses, and archives; networks of laws, ideologies, languages, and labor; imaginaries of bodies, fashion, art, copy, and poetry.
How Nature Matters
How Nature Matters presents an original theory of nature's value based on part-whole relations. In so doing, it solves the difficult problem of how we should conceptualize nature's cultural values. The standard practice of framing them in terms of the provision of cultural ecosystem services is shown to be inadequate. When natural things have cultural value, they do not have it as service providers - that is, as means to valuable ends. They have it as parts of valuable and meaningful wholes - as parts of traditions, narratives, and cultural identities.James develops his theory by investigating twelve real-world cases, concerning, amongst other things, the contentious practice of dugong hunti...
Transitioning to Sustainable Life on Land
Sustainable Life on Land, the fifteenth UN Sustainable Development Goal (SDG 15), calls for the protection, restoration and promotion of the sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems. Among others, it requires societies to sustainably manage forests, halt and reverse land degradation, combat desertification, and halt biodiversity loss. Despite the fact that protection of terrestrial ecosystems is on the rise worldwide and forest loss has slowed, the recent IPBES report concluded that “nature is declining globally at rates unprecedented in human history”. Consequently, the United Nations General Assembly recently declared 2021–2030 the UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration. There is no dou...
Actionable Science of Global Environment Change
This volume teaches readers how to sort through the vast mountain of climate and environmental science data to extract actionable insights. With the advancements in sensing technology, we now observe petabytes of data related to climate and the environment. While the volume of data is impressive, collecting big data for the sake of data alone proves to be of limited utility. Instead, our quest is for actionable data that can drive tangible actions and meaningful impact. Yet, unearthing actionable insights from the accumulated big data and delivering them to global stakeholders remains a burgeoning field. Although traditional data mining struggles to keep pace with data accumulation, scientif...
