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Digital Africa
All African countries need better and more jobs for their growing populations. Digital Africa: Technological Transformation for Jobs shows that broader use of productivity-enhancing digital technologies by enterprises and households is imperative to generate such jobs, including for lower-skilled people. At the same time, broader use can support not only countries’ short-term objective of postpandemic economic recovery but also their vision of economic transformation with more inclusive growth. These outcomes are not automatic, however. Mobile internet availability has increased throughout the continent in recent years, but Africa’s uptake gap is the highest in the world. Areas with at l...
Afrique numérique
Tous les pays africains ont besoin d'avantage d'emplois de qualité pour leurs populations croissantes. Le rapport « Afrique numérique : Transformation technologique pour l’emploi » montre qu'une utilisation plus large, par les entreprises et les ménages, des technologies numériques génératrices de productivité est impérative afin de générer de tels emplois, y compris pour les personnes peu qualifiées. Dans le même temps, cette démarche peut soutenir non seulement l'objectif à court terme de reprise économique postpandémique des pays, mais aussi leur vision d'une transformation économique assortie d’une croissance plus inclusive. Cependant, ces résultats ne seront pas ...
No Surprises, Please
We study how shocks to voting costs affect electoral turnout. Individuals whose polling place is relocated face changes to their cost of voting in person due to altered distance and unfamiliarity with the new polling place. Using address-level and precinct-level data, we find that polling place relocations depress turnout by 0.5-0.6 percentage points (p.p.): in-person turnout declines by 0.8-1.1 p.p. and is only partly compensated by a 0.3-0.5 p.p. increase in mail-in voting. However, the drop in turnout is only transitory as mail-in votes balance the decline in in-person votes in subsequent elections. This finding is consistent with inattentiveness to relocations, causing individuals to miss the deadline for requesting mail-in ballots. Some inattentive voters forgo voting today but turn to mail-in voting in ensuing elections. Our results are in line with rational choice models of voting and incompatible with the hypothesis that voting is habit forming.
Mobile Money and Financial Inclusion in Sub-Saharan Africa
In this paper, we use survey data from 12,735 individuals from nine Sub-Saharan African countries conducted in 2017. We use the geo-location of respondents to combine the survey data with information on the proximity of mobile network towers and banking facilities. We estimate a two-stage model, where in the first stage, consumers decide to adopt a feature phone or a smartphone, and in the second stage, they decide whether to use mobile money services. We find that network coverage has a significant impact on the adoption of mobile phones. We also find that mobile money is likely to be used by the young and the relatively richer to send money while the elderly and the poor are more likely to receive money via mobile wallets. These results suggest that mobile money allows the elderly and the poor to receive remittances directly from their relatives without much reliance on risky cash-intransit. Hence, expanding the mobile money system can potentially play an important role in reducing poverty and inequality.
Übersee am Chiemsee
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