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Described in Nature as 'a delight for the soil aficionado', this multi-authored collection examines the complex interrelations between societies in different parts of the world and the soils they relied on from the perspectives of geomorphology, archaeology, pedology and history. The geographical spread includes Mesoamerica, Africa, Europe, Australia, India and Easter Island. Few things are more important to human survival than the fertility of the soils from which so much of our food comes. Yet few aspects of the relationship between human society and the environment get so little attention. This book explores some of the enormous variety in the ways that people have worked with, thought about, damaged and restored soils. It also shows some of the ways in which soils, their properties and their histories have influenced human affairs. Soils are the substrate of all human society: from the palaeolithic to the present, their history is our history
The environmental history of early modern times is a seminal and lively field of historical research. This volume offers ten concise essays that provide an overview of current research debates on a broad span of topics, such as historical climatology and climate reconstruction, coping with disaster, land use and agricultural knowledge, forest history, urbanization, the perceptions of (alpine) nature, and societal dealings with water and rivers. Taken together, the contributions establish early modern studies as a promising laboratory for new avenues in environmental history. (Series: Austria: Research and Science - History / Austria: Forschung und Wissenschaft - Geschichte - Vol. 10) [Subject: History, Environmental Studies]
This book presents essays on current research in medieval and early modern environmental history by historians and social scientists in honor of Richard C. Hoffmann.
How did ancient societies change the environment and how do their actions continue to affect us today? In this dramatically revised and expanded second edition of the work entitled Pan’s Travail, J. Donald Hughes examines the environmental history of the classical period and argues that the decline of ancient civilizations resulted in part from their exploitation of the natural world. Focusing on Greece and Rome, as well as areas subject to their influences, Hughes offers a detailed look at the impact of humans and their technologies on the ecology of the Mediterranean basin. Evidence of deforestation in ancient Greece, the remains of Roman aqueducts and mines, and paintings on centuries-o...
The history of science discipline is contributing valuable knowledge of the culture of soil understanding, of the conditions in society that fostered the ideas, and of why they developed in certain ways. This book is about the progressive "footprints made by scientists in the soil. It contains chapters chosen from important topics in the development of soil science, and tells the story of the people and the exciting ideas that contributed to our present understanding of soils. Initiated by discussions within the Soil Science Society of America and the International Union of Soil Sciences, this book uniquely illustrates the significance of soils to our society. It is planned for soils student...
"Historical accounts of democracy's rise tend to focus on ancient Greece and pre-Renaissance Europe. The Decline and Rise of Democracy draws from global evidence to show that the story is much richer--democratic practices were present in many places, at many other times, from the Americas before European conquest, to ancient Mesopotamia, to precolonial Africa. Delving into the prevalence of early democracy throughout the world, David Stasavage makes the case that understanding how and where these democracies flourished--and when and why they declined--can provide crucial information not just about the history of governance, but also about the ways modern democracies work and where they could manifest in the future."--
Human impact on landscape can be conceptualised in terms of socially governed ecological systems. In the past the adaptive capacity of human cultural systems has been emphasised. Nowadays, a shift can be recognised towards modified views. Resources are discussed as prerequisites for establishing complex human societies. This includes also a more biologically minded view from the standpoint of the humanities. In such a view, human societal complexes can be understood as systems that manage energy and matters. The concept of social-metabolic regimes has developed in such a context. Cultures, as seen within this paradigm, are not undestood merely as autopoietic symbolic entities but as results of an interaction of material prerequisites and emerging social structures. One might dismiss this as an epistemiological shift, part of the play of science with itself. But it remains unsolved so far in terms of evolutionary theory if the ultimate goal of evolution is reproductive sucess or accessi
Knochenartefakte - Beinartefakte - Bein.
'Unlike so many books that analyze material and energy flows in society and the developments therein, this is one of the few that link such information to developments in social organization and that discusses how limits in one sphere influence the other and in reverse.' – Arnold Tukker, Journal of Industrial Ecology 'This book is a neat summary of the main research developments achieved by the editors and their colleagues at the Institute of Social Ecology at Klagenfurt University in Vienna, and represents an interesting and important landmark in the social metabolism approach to sustainable development. The book is arranged over eight chapters, each of which can stand alone as an interes...