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Vitamin A deficiency affects some 127 million preschool children globally, putting them at increased risk of sickness and death. But supplementation is cost-effective and has proven potential to reduce the yearly number of preventable child deaths. This report tracks the progress of supplementation programming following 10 years of global advocacy. It is a 'scorecard' for countries and the international community on progress in scaling up one of the most effective child survival interventions available - a prerequisite for achieving MDG 4.
This volume delivers the latest high-quality research on these compounds across the scientific disciplines for chemists, analysts. and health and nutritional scientists.
Many studies over the past decade and a half have indicated that vitamin A status is an important determinant of health. The World Bank now estimates that vitamin A intervention programs are some of the most cost-effective health strategies globally. This new book, written by leading investigators in the field, is the first to synthesize the many important studies to date. The authors identify and quantify the biological, clinical and public health impact of vitamin A deficiency on childhood growth, mortality and morbidity, including anemia and blindness. They deal with the epidemiologic and biological basis of these findings, and with the prevention and treatment of these disorders, particu...
This volume is the newest release in the authoritative series issued by the National Academy of Sciences on dietary reference intakes (DRIs). This series provides recommended intakes, such as Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs), for use in planning nutritionally adequate diets for individuals based on age and gender. In addition, a new reference intake, the Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL), has also been established to assist an individual in knowing how much is "too much" of a nutrient. Based on the Institute of Medicine's review of the scientific literature regarding dietary micronutrients, recommendations have been formulated regarding vitamins A and K, iron, iodine, chromium, copper, ...
This book shows how vitamin A deficiency – before the vitamin was known to scientists – affected millions of people throughout history. It is a story of sailors and soldiers, penniless mothers, orphaned infants, and young children left susceptible to blindness and fatal infections. We also glimpse the fortunate ones who, with ample vitamin A-rich food, escaped this elusive stalker. Why were people going blind and dying? To unravel this puzzle, scientists around the world competed over the course of a century. Their persistent efforts led to the identification of vitamin A and its essential role in health. As a primary focus of today’s international public health efforts, vitamin A has ...
This report reassess the dietary advice to consumers on foods and supplements containing Vitamin A (retinol), given evidence from the National Diet and Nutrition Survey that the dietary intake for some adults might exceed the safety guidance level set by the Expert Group on Vitamins and Minerals (EVM) in 2003. Liver and dietary supplements (including fish liver oils) are the main sources of retinol. The report concludes that there is insufficient evidence on the association between high intakes of retinol and poor bone health to justify a change in dietary advice for all consumers, but as a precaution for those who are regular consumers of liver (once a week or more) it may be advisable to avoid supplements containing retinol. People at risk of osteoporosis (such as postmenopausal women and older people) are also advised to limit their retinol intakes. Further research is needed on the relationship between retinol intake and bone fracture risk.
Reviews the recent breakthroughs in vitamin A research. Discusses the metabolism of vitamin A; the mechanism of action of vitamin A and the provitamin A carotenoids; the role of retinoids in embryonic development, skin and epithelial cells, blood cells, vision, and reproduction; vitamin A deficiency and teratogenicity; and the anticancer role of vitamin A from an epidemiological point of view. Intended as a source of information for scientists engaged in research in the field of vitamin A.
Vitamin A is an essential fat-soluble vitamin with a myriad of functions including cell differentiation, redox homeostasis, growth and immune functions. Systemic inflammation has been linked with oxidative stress and has been also associated with reduced serum concentrations of Vitamin A. This book examines the protective effect of Vitamin A on lung function and cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and coronary heart disease. Also discussed is Vitamin A and its natural derivatives, the retinoids, which participate in several biological events necessary to the maintenance of tissue homeostasis, cell cycle regulation and cell differentiation and apoptosis.
An up-to-date and comprehensive handbook Vitamin A plays a key role among the vitamins essential for healthy growth and development. Vitamin A deficiency disorders (VADD) are therefore an important part of general malnutrition that in the majority of cases leads to failure to thrive and underweight. Moreover, apart from adverse effects on health and survival in general, VADD can also lead to blindness, called xerophthalmia, and are also frequently accompanied by various infections. Last but not least, it has become evident that even mild degrees of VAD (and all other forms of nutritional deficiencies) have important adverse implications for health and are thus much more widespread than previously assumed. This publication systematically covers detailed and up-to-date information on every relevant aspect of VADD, with particular emphasis on providing an outline of their setting, nature, and significance. In addition to cutting-edge scientific information, the latest available data on the global occurrence of VAD from the World Health Organization is also included.