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This volume contains the proceedings of the Ninth European Conference on Eye Movements (ECEM 9), held in Ulm, Germany, on September 23-26, 1997. ECEM 9 con tinued a series of conferences initiated by Rudolf Groner of Bern, Switzerland, in 1981 which, from its very beginning, has brought together scientists from very diverse fields with a common interest in eye movements. About 40 of the papers presented at ECEM 9 have been selected for presentation in full length while others are rendered in condensed form. There is a broad spectrum of motives why people have become involved in, and fas cinated by, eye movement research. Neuroscientists have been allured by the prospect of understanding anat...
The remarkable complexity and sophistication of our perceptual systems have evolved for ultimately one purpose - to promote efficient and effective action within a constantly changing environment. Traditionally, the route from perception to action has often been viewed as a single, one-directional sequence of stages, which begins with a stimulus presentation and ends with a response. This view has tended to emphasize the separation of perception from action, with the result that studies of stimulus and response processing have often been carried out in isolation from each other. The work in this issue takes a different approach, which reflects renewed and increasing interest in how cognitive systems for vision and action are integrated. The studies here explore multiple pathways between vision and action, the ways in which vision promotes action, and even the conditions and degree to which action and its consequences can influence vision. A variety of methods and theoretical approaches are represented, in studies examining spatial coding, object processing, motor behaviour, attentional bias, and codes for action.
Human Centered Robotic Systems must be able to interact with humans such that the burden of adaptation lies with the machine and not with the human. This book collates a set of prominent papers presented during a two-day conference on "Human Centered Robotic Systems" held on November 19-20, 2009, in Bielefeld University, Germany. The aim of the conference was to bring together researchers from the areas of robotics, computer science, psychology, linguistics, and biology who are all focusing on a shared goal of cognitive interaction. A survey of recent approaches, the current state-of-the-art, and possible future directions in this interdisciplinary field is presented. It provides practitioners and scientists with an up-to-date introduction to this dynamic field, with methods and solutions that are likely to significantly impact on our future lives.
Attention in Action provides state-of-the-art discussion of the role of attention in action and of action in constraining attention.
From Pavlov's dog expecting food when hearing a bell to stereotypes as expectations about other people’s behaviour, from Bandura’s self-efficacy as expectation for success and failure of one’s own behaviour to the "predictive brain" concept in current perception theories: expectations have been a central construct in different areas of psychological research. In each of these areas, specific concepts, theoretical approaches, and empirical methods have been developed to explain when and why expectations persist and when they do not. Many theories assume that expectations are likely to change in the face of disconfirming evidence. However, sometimes expectations persist even though they ...
The Neural Theory of Visual Attention of Bundesen, Habekost, and Kyllingsbæk (2005) was proposed as a neural interpretation of Bundesen’s (1990) theory of visual attention (TVA). In NTVA, visual attention functions via two mechanisms: by dynamic remapping of receptive fields of cortical cells such that more cells are devoted to behaviorally important objects than to less important ones (filtering) and by multiplicative scaling of the level of activation in cells coding for particular features (pigeonholing). NTVA accounts for a wide range of known attentional effects in human performance and a wide range of effects observed in firing rates of single cells in the primate visual system and thus provides a mathematical framework to unify the 2 fields of research. In this Research Topic of Frontiers in Psychology, some of the leading theories of visual attention at both the cognitive, neuropsychological, and neurophysiological levels are presented and evaluated. In addition, the Research Topic encompasses application of the framework of NTVA to various patient populations and to neuroimaging as well as genetic and psychopharmacological studies.
This volume combines the classical fields of perception research with the major theoretical attitudes of today's research, distinguishing between experience- versus performance-related approaches, transformational versus interactional approaches, and approaches that rely on the processing versus discovery of information. Perception is separated into two parts. The first part deals with basic processes and mechanisms, and discusses early vision and later, yet still basic, vision. The second covers complex achievements with accounts of perceptual constancies and the perception of patterns, objects, events, and actions.
This book offers new theoretical insights into religious, esoteric, and philosophical practices and narratives that deal with "intentional transformative experiences." Exceptional life-changing experiences are often believed to be beyond the individual's control—they are thought to "simply happen." However, many individuals actively and self-reflectively search for transformative experiences. Intentional Transformative Experiences provides analyses of such intentionally sought experiences in different spiritual, religious, and esoteric milieus. Case studies range from South and Central Asian traditions to Western esoteric practices, compare autobiographical narratives of self-cultivation, ...
This volume combines the classical fields of perception research with the major theoretical attitudes of today's research, distinguishing between experience- versus performance-related approaches, transformational versus interactional approaches, and approaches that rely on the processing versus discovery of information. Perception is separated into two parts. The first part deals with basic processes and mechanisms, and discusses early vision and later, yet still basic, vision. The second covers complex achievements with accounts of perceptual constancies and the perception of patterns, objects, events, and actions. - Gives an overview of the current status of research in classical areas and of current approaches to perception - Covers research areas and theoretical approaches - Combines American and European research - Emphasizes complex achievements of perception: auditory patterns, object identification, event perception, and perception of action
Introduction / Eddy J. Davelaar -- An ecology-based approach to perceptual modelling / E.L. Byrne, D.P.A Corney and R.B. Lotto -- Early development of visual abilities / Alessio Plebe -- A dynamical neural simulation of feature-based attention and binding in a recurrent model of the ventral stream / D.G. Harrison and M. De Kamps -- Model selection for eye movements : assessing the role of attentional cues in infant learning / Daniel Yurovsky [und weitere] -- The importance of low spatial frequencies for categorization of emotional facial expressions / L. Lopez [und weitere] -- Modeling speech perception with restricted Boltzmann machines / Michael Klein, Louis ten Bosch and Lou Boves -- Earl...