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The auditory processing of complex signals is not yet fully understood making a clearer insight into auditory system processes worth aspiring to. One approach for this purpose is to gain a better understanding of the relations between physical parameters and hearing sensations by means of psychoacoustics. Suitable measures such as loudness help to characterize the perception of sound leading to more sophisticated loudness models which could be useful in optimizing hearing devices such as cochlear implants. The scope of this thesis therefore is the suprathreshold perception of sounds with different spectral, temporal and spatial content in normal-hearing listeners and cochlear implant users. Among others, this covers the applicability of categorical loudness scaling as a fast procedure to assess partial loudness as well as binaural and spatial hearing in cochlear implant users in a free-field measurement setup providing realistic spatial cues.
The fundamental structure of the universe, from the particle and the atom to the biological evolution of organisms such as the eye and ear, exist because of the harmonic relationships of waves. The most significant characteristic of the human species to evolve was advanced communication abilities resulting from the perception of harmonics. This perception led directly to the unique biological morphology of the human vocal apparatus and the correlative neurocranial expansion of the auditory, memory, and language regions of the brain. New research is conclusively demonstrating that the modern human capacity for advanced language was in tact by approximately 200,000 B.C.E. and that the earliest...
The care of pregnant women presents one of the paradoxes of modern medicine. Women usually require little medical intervention during an (uneventful) pregnancy. Conversely, those at high risk of damage to their own health or that of their unborn require the help of appropriate medicinal technology, including drugs. Accordingly, there are two classes of pregnant women, the larger group requires support but not much intervention, while the other needs the full range of diagnostic and therapeutic measures applied in any other branch of medicine. This book presents the current state of knowledge about drugs in pregnancy. In each chapter information is presented separately for two different aspects of the problem seeking a drug appropriate for prescription during pregnancy, and assessing the risk of a drug when exposure has already taken place. Practising clinicians who prescribe medicinal products to women who are, or who may become, pregnant, will find this volume an invaluable reference.
Wind-Lopers sind an der Straße in der Westermarsch zwischen Norden und Utlandshörn schräg gewachsene, alte Bäume, die sich durch den ewigen Nordwestwind dauerhaft nach Südost geneigt haben und so mutig weiterwachsen. Vier wichtige, regionalgeschichtliche Ereignisse im Nordwesten aus drei Jahrhunderten werden in diesem Buch novellenartig lebendig.
The history of the Groenhagen families in Ostfriesland, Germany, and the United States. Groenhagen Family History covers Harm Siebelts Groenhagen�s (Groenhagen's second great-grandfather) descendants to the present and his ancestors back to Geert Garrels (the family didn�t use the surname Groenhagen until about 1811), who was born about 1640. The book also discusses Geert Garrels� descendants in Illinois, Kansas, Minnesota, South Dakota, and Germany. Groenhagen�s book also covers Harm Tammen Groenhagen�s descendants to the present and his ancestors back to Garrelt Nonnen, who was born before 1685. Garrelt Nonnen�s descendants can be found in Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, and Germany. Groenhagen Family History includes a chapter on genetic genealogy. Using DNA testing, Groenhagen is finally able to answer the question regarding whether or not he is related to Harm Tammen Groenhagen and his descendants.
Cochlear implants are currently the standard treatment for profound sensorineural hearing loss. In the last decade, advances in auditory science and technology have not only greatly expanded the utility of electric stimulation to other parts of the auditory nervous system in addition to the cochlea, but have also demonstrated drastic changes in the brain in responses to electric stimulation, including changes in language development and music perception. Volume 20 of SHAR focused on basic science and technology underlying the cochlear implant. However, due to the newness of the ideas and technology, the volume did not cover any emerging applications such as bilateral cochlear implants, combi...
MetroInd4 0&IoT aims to discuss the contributions both of the metrology for the development of Industry 4 0 and IoT and the new opportunities offered by Industry 4 0 and IoT for the development of new measurement methods and apparatus MetroInd4 0&IoT aims to gather people who work in developing instrumentation and measurement methods for Industry 4 0 and IoT Attention is paid, but not limited to, new technology for metrology assisted production in Industry 4 0 and IoT, Industry 4 0 and IoT component measurement, sensors and associated signal conditioning for Industry 4 0 and IoT, and calibration methods for electronic test and measurement for Industry 4 0 and IoT