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As we learn more about the intricacies of immune interactions, the goalposts of ideal vaccination strategies change. It has become apparent that for many pathogens, immunizations should seek to optimize lymphocyte-mediated protection at their portals of entry, which is not likely to be accomplished with current intramuscular jabs. However, there are increased reports suggesting resident memory CD4 and CD8 T cells may, or indeed do, cause pathologies in the lung, gut, skin, pancreas, CNS, and adipose tissue. This is following chronic infection, immunization, or sensitization and it is becoming clearer that protective immunity ought to be finely balanced with the pathogenic capacity of the res...
Providing an invaluable resource, this volume contains analysed, evaluated and distilled information on the latest in organometallic and coordination chemistry research and emerging fields. With the increase in volume, velocity and variety of information, researchers can find it difficult to keep up to date with the literature in their field. The reviews range in scope and include recent advances in chromium coordination chemistry, borohydride and borane ligand architectures supported by heterocyclic units and discussion on behaviours of novel ruthenium(II) complexes. This volume is a key reference for researchers in academic and industrial settings.
Epigenetic Gene Expression and Regulation reviews current knowledge on the heritable molecular mechanisms that regulate gene expression, contribute to disease susceptibility, and point to potential treatment in future therapies. The book shows how these heritable mechanisms allow individual cells to establish stable and unique patterns of gene expression that can be passed through cell divisions without DNA mutations, thereby establishing how different heritable patterns of gene regulation control cell differentiation and organogenesis, resulting in a distinct human organism with a variety of differing cellular functions and tissues. The work begins with basic biology, encompasses methods, c...
Providing an invaluable resource, this volume contains analysed, evaluated and distilled information on the latest in organometallic and coordination chemistry research and emerging fields. With the increase in volume, velocity and variety of information, researchers can find it difficult to keep up to date with the literature in their field. The reviews range in scope and include recent advances in chromium coordination chemistry, borohydride and borane ligand architectures supported by heterocyclic units and discussion on behaviours of novel ruthenium(II) complexes. This volume is a key reference for researchers in academic and industrial settings.
Cancer immunotherapy is based on using the immune system components to fight tumors, without destroying normal cells. Several immunotherapeutic strategies have been investigated and proposed for the treatment of cancers, including cancer vaccines containing tumor antigens that are used to induce immune responses against tumors, monoclonal antibodies against tumor antigens, and immune checkpoint inhibitors. However, many clinical trials have shown that the use of these methods as monotherapy is ineffective in many cases. Many tumors can resist immunotherapy due to the absence or insufficient infiltration of tumors with CD8+ T cells and hence, are called “cold” or non-inflammatory tumors. ...
The adaptive immune resistance (AIR) mechanism refers to the various strategies employed by tumours to adapt and ultimately to overcome immune attack. The AIR mechanism was firstly identified in the selective induction of programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PDL1) by interferon gamma of tumors. The inhibition of adaptive immune resistance underlies the responses to PD-1 or PD-L1–blocking antibodies, and may have relevance for the development of other cancer immunotherapy strategies. Therefore, identifying specific AIR mechanisms is of great significance to develop novel drugs and enhance the efficacy of cancer treatment. In this research topic, we aim to generate a collection of articles that discuss the AIR mechanisms, the classification of AIRs, and the current and future cancer therapy strategies based on AIR. Of particular, these articles can focus on exploring the AIR mechanisms in different cancer types and further identify the association between AIR and tumour microenvironment (TME).
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