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All academic disciplines periodically appraise their effectiveness, evaluating the progress of previous scholarship and judging which approaches are useful and which are not. Although no field could survive if it did nothing but appraise its progress, occasional appraisals are important and if done well can help advance the field. This book investigates how international relations theorists can better equip themselves to determine the state of scholarly work in their field. It takes as its starting point Imre Lakatos's influential theory of scientific change, and in particular his methodology of scientific research programs (MSRP). It uses MSRP to organize its analysis of major research programs over the last several decades and uses MSRP's criteria for theoretical progress to evaluate these programs. The contributors appraise the progress of institutional theory, varieties of realist and liberal theory, operational code analysis, and other research programs in international relations. Their analyses reveal the strengths and limits of Lakatosian criteria and the need for metatheoretical metrics for evaluating scientific progress.
This volume covers topics related to human rights issues and problems of people who are overwhelmed by hostile situations around them and are subsequently rendered vulnerable. The situations of vulnerability discussed in this book are related to suffering caused by the moral, family, social, economic or political conditions in which the people, and the groups they belong to, live. Readers are guided through a discussion about rights, as an instrument through which civil society and the ‘Rule of Law’ try to curb or even eliminate the suffering of these people. The aim of such efforts is to restore the situation of vulnerable people to a level of normality. Human Rights Issues and Vulnerab...
This series of books is a translation of Flora Evropeiskoi Chasti SSR, which provides information on the wild and most important cultivated plants growing in the European portion of Russia and its bordering regions. The text describes plant systematics, habitat conditions, range, and chromosome numbers. The series serves as a manual for botanists, agronomists, teachers, students and naturalists. This volume includes descriptions of 30 families of higher plants and information on families Butomaceae and Ruppiaceae.
A collection of essays (1971-1999) centering on the philosophy of science. Musgrave, a philosopher whose academic affiliations are not given, defends realism, partly from an appeal to common sense. He discusses anti-realist trends in Anglo-American philosophy (Wittgenstein, instrumentalism, construc
Offers a new approach to a number of central issues concerning the theoretical interpretation and normative evaluation of contemporary science and technology.
Explores the synthesis of the national and regional Floras of Europe and the fifth and final volume covers the Monocotyledons.
Modern science has changed every aspect of life in ways that cannot be compared to developments of previous eras. This four-volume set presents key developments within modern physical science and the effects of these discoveries on modern global life. The first two volumes explore the history of the concept of relativity, the cultural roots of science, the concept of time and gravity before, during, and after Einstein's theory, and the cultural reception of relativity. Volume 3 explores the impact of modern science upon global politics and the creation of a new kind of war, and Volume 4 details the old and new efforts surrounding the elucidation of the quantum world, as well as the cultural impact of particle physics. This reprint collection pools the best scholarship available, collected from a large array of difficult to acquire books, journals, and pamphlets. Each volume begins with an introductory essay, written by one of the top scholars in the history of science. Students and scholars of modern culture, science, and society will find these volumes a veritable research gold mine.
Testing Scientific Theories was first published in 1984. Minnesota Archive Editions uses digital technology to make long-unavailable books once again accessible, and are published unaltered from the original University of Minnesota Press editions. Since much of a scientist's work consists of constructing arguments to show how experiments and observation bear on a particular theory, the methodologies of theory testing and their philosophical underpinnings are of vital concern to philosophers of science. Confirmation of scientific theories is the topic of Clark Glymour's important book Theory and Evidence,published in 1980. His negative thesis is that the two most widely discussed accounts of ...
Title: How to Believe in Yourself Author: Azahari Abd. Ghani (Zahar) Description: In a world that constantly challenges our self-worth, How to Believe in Yourself offers a guiding light for those seeking to build and strengthen their self-belief. Authored by Azahari Abd. Ghani, also known as Zahar, who has personally navigated the deep waters of insecurity and self-doubt, this book is a heartfelt and practical guide to embracing your true potential. Zahar’s journey from self-doubt to self-belief was not easy, but it was transformative. Drawing from his own experiences and the strategies that helped him along the way, Zahar provides readers with actionable steps, powerful insights, and dail...
NIGHT was approaching. I was still busy typing at my study table. The whines of our daughter, along with the laughter of our son echoed from the other room. Soon after came my husband’s voice consoling Aisyah and scolding Syamil. I couldn’t help smiling. Taking in a deep breath, I felt pure satisfaction and contentment. From inside the room, I could hear every word exchanged between the father and the children. “Papa, why can’t I sleep with mama?” asked our second child, Aisyah. “Mama has lots of work tonight. If you sleep with mama, she can’t get any work done. If she has no work done, mama can’t get money. How can mama bring you to Toys R Us to buy the playhouse that you had seen in Didie’s house without any money?” explained my husband patiently. Aisyah has always been close to the both of us.