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Institutional and Entrepreneurial Leadership in the Brazilian Science and Technology Sector
World Bank Discussion Paper No. 325.Reviews the main components of policy reform strategies, drawn from a case study of Brazil, that are designed to increase the efficiency of investments in science and technology. The paper is a summary of the viewpoints expressed by Brazilian science policymakers and their international colleagues at a workshop on science and technology reform in Brazil, held in Washington, D.C., May 1996.
India's Public Distribution System
World Bank Technical Paper No. 382. This technical paper compares and contrasts the governance and regulation of new style power pools in Australia, Canada, Norway, Sweden, and the United Kingdom. These trading markets in electricity commodities and services are explored in various ways. The authors review the basic governance models, compare decisionmakers in the industry, examine market surveillance methods used, and explore the role of government and the regulator. The paper emphasizes the lessons that can be learned from international experiences.
A Poverty Profile of Cambodia
China is in the throes of two transitions: from a command economy to a market-based one and from a rural, agricultural society to an urban, industrial one. So far, both transitions have been spectacularly successful. China is the fastest-growing economy in the world, with per capita incomes more than quadrupling since 1978, achieving in two generations what took other countries centuries. Although swift growth and structural change have resolved many problems, they also have created new challenges: employment insecurity, growing inequality, stubborn poverty, mounting environmental pressures, rising costs of food self-sufficiency, and periods of macroeconomic instability stemming from incompl...
Decentralization of Education
This book focuses on the financing of formal primary and secondary education in developing nations. The study does not consider the areas of pre-primary, post-secondary, or nonformal education. Financing includes not only monetary inputs to education, but also material, labor, expertise, and land. The study examines the volume, nature, and mechanics of community financing in a range of settings. Policy issues facing governments and those who work with them are presented. Instruments for incentives, guidance, and control of community activities are considered. Specific strategies from different countries are presented and evaluated, along with the importance of monitoring and evaluation. The ...
Integrating Social Concerns Into Private Sector Decisionmaking
This paper contains two separate but intimately linked reports that deal with corporate social responsibility. The first explores the critical success factors supporting the integration of social concerns into the planning and implementation of privately financed projects in the mining, oil, and gas sectors. The second reviews corporate practices with respect to social and environmental assessment, and the integration between the two.
Health Reform in Africa
Describes the World Bank's 24 years of lending experience in urban development and makes recommendations for improving urban services, public health, and public financing.
Evaluating Health Projects
This book explores the wave of decentralization that has swept through Latin America and the projected institutional changes within the governments in the region. Although it notes the ways in which decentralization implies a critique of past governing patterns, the emphasis is on such potential consequences of governmental change as the strengthening of democratic participation in government and the improvement of local public service. The book draws upon institutional experiments carried out at the state level to examine which decentralization strategies work best in Latin America. It is organized around three major requirements for the success of decentralization: * Establishing the national fiscal framework * Moving government closer to the people * Improving municipal service delivery. Tables illustrate the shift of revenues and expenditures from central authorities to intermediate levels of government.
Policy Options for Reform of Chinese State-owned Enterprises
Annotation World Bank Discussion Paper No. 335. Presents the proceedings of a high-level international symposium on Chinese state-owned enterprise reform held in Beijing, China, June 1995. This report includes five policy option papers presented by Chinese officials and one presented by the World Bank Group that makes recommendations for reform on the basis of the Group's international experience in this area.
Beyond Privatization
World Bank Discussion Paper No. 341.In 1994, Mexico successfully completed a first phase of telecommunications reforms, which included the privatization of its state-owned telephone company. This report provides a concise overview of the second wave of reforms that began in 1995 and tracks related key events to May 1996. This second phase opened the markets to competition, ensuring a greater diversity and better quality of services.
Structural Aspects of Manufacturing in Sub-Saharan Africa
Urban Management Programme Paper No. 20. Reviews the specific actions that municipalities and city governments may take in contributing to urban poverty reduction. The paper highlights example of issues, options, and constraints that urban governments must address in fighting poverty. It focuses on municipalities and other city-level government entities as a critical institutional level of intervention. Other language editions available: French--Stock No. 13814 (ISBN 0-8213-3814-5); Spanish--Stock No. 13813 (ISBN 0-8213-3813-7).
