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One of the current challenges and failures of immunotherapy is in part due to the complex tumor microenvironment (TME) that provides a formidable barrier to immune infiltration and function. The TME consists of various cell types (tumor cells, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and immune cells), soluble signaling molecules (cytokines, growth factors, and chemokines), and extracellular matrix. On another note, metabolic disturbances in various TME components, such as hypoxia, acidosis, lactate accumulation, and nutrient deprivation, can play a critical role in the tumor progression. Furthermore, genetic and epigenetic dysfunctions are known to be part of the characteristics of cancer development. The immune cells could have a pro- or anti-tumor role in the TME, and their activity might vary in the context of different cancers. Both innate and adaptive immune cells interact with tumor cells through direct contact or through chemokines and cytokines signaling, shaping the tumor's activity and response to therapy.
Foreword from the Editor: With the second installment in the Quarterly Highlights series, Frontiers in Oncology has once again had a strong quarter, and continues to publish important research, with submissions from across the globe - and readership from across the globe. In this quarter, we saw a number of different impact metrics become updated using recent data. The 2019 impact metrics reflect our competitive and respectable status in the field and amongst competitors. We find it very encouraging to see that our impact has remained high, and thank the entirety of the Editorial Board and Office for their contributions and hard work in doing so. Once again with a record-breaking number of p...
This edited collection addresses the urgent need for action and the many challenges in aged care within the Chinese and Nordic contexts, especially highlighted by the COVID-19 pandemic. Through a multidisciplinary lens, the book explores the social, medical, managerial, and technical aspects of aged care, offering a comprehensive view of the field. By examining practices and experiences in both China and the Nordic regions, this collection uncovers commonalities, disparities, and opportunities for collaboration. Utilizing diverse research methods, including systematic reviews, theoretical explorations, and empirical studies, the authors present key findings on policy frameworks, healthcare infrastructure, management systems, and innovative care models. This collection is an essential resource for policymakers, researchers, practitioners, and students, providing evidence-based insights and contributing to the development of effective and innovative aged care policies and practices.