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Mathematical Theory of Democracy
The mathematical theory of democracy deals with selection of representatives who make decisions on behalf of the whole society. In this book, the notion of representativeness is operationalized with the index of popularity (the average percentage of the population whose opinion is represented on a number of issues) and the index of universality (the frequency of cases when the opinion of a majority is represented). These indices are applied to evaluate and study the properties of single representatives (e.g. president) and representative bodies (e.g. parliament, magistrate, cabinet, jury, coalition). To bridge representative and direct democracy, an election method is proposed that is based not on voting but on indexing candidates with respect to the electorate’s political profile. In addition, societal and non-societal applications are considered.
Mathematical Theory of Democracy
The mathematical theory of democracy deals with selection of representatives who make decisions on behalf of the whole society. In this book, the notion of representativeness is operationalized with the index of popularity (the average percentage of the population whose opinion is represented on a number of issues) and the index of universality (the frequency of cases when the opinion of a majority is represented). These indices are applied to evaluate and study the properties of single representatives (e.g. president) and representative bodies (e.g. parliament, magistrate, cabinet, jury, coalition). To bridge representative and direct democracy, an election method is proposed that is based not on voting but on indexing candidates with respect to the electorate’s political profile. In addition, societal and non-societal applications are considered.
Analytical Theory of Democracy
This book operationalizes the idea of political representation, which is fundamental to modern democracies. Both individual representatives and representative bodies are evaluated using the indices of popularity (the average percentage of the population whose opinion is represented on topical policy issues) and universality (the percentage of issues for which the prevailing public opinion is represented). Viewed as objective functions, these indices can aid in the search for optimal representatives and representative bodies. By replacing the consistency analysis of the social choice axioms with the calculation of the best compromises, the paradoxes of social choice, such as those of Condorce...
Constructing and Applying Objective Functions
For some seven decades, econometrics has been almost exclusiveley dealing with constructing and applying econometric equation systems, which constitute constraints in econometric optimization models. The second major component, the scalarvalued objective function, has only in recent years attracted more attention and some progress has been made. This book is devoted to theories, models and methods for constructing scalarvalued objective functions for econometric optimization models, to their applications, and to some related topics like historical issues about pioneering contributions by Ragnar Frisch and Jan Tinbergen.
Not for Bad Weather
This paper written by Andranik Tangian from the Institute for Economic and Social Research at the Hans-Böckler-Stiftung presents a macroeconomic analysis of flexicurity with regard to the current economic crisis. The analysis is performed with four composite indicators based on statistical figures for 25 countries - flexibility, security, gravity of macroeconomic situation by 2010 and aggravation of macroeconomic situation in 2008-2010. The author concludes that a better alternative to flexicurity would be a normalization of employment relations, i.e. low flexibility, which also would result in less social security expenditure.The closing discussion argues that the flexibilization of employment relations and the crisis both stem from the same root: financial liberalization is the background cause of both phenomena, rendering them dependent on one another.
Precarious Work
This discerning book provides a wide-ranging comparative analysis of the legal and social policy challenges posed by the spread of different forms of precarious work in Europe, with various social models in force and a growing ‘gig economy’ workforce. It not only considers the theoretical foundations of the concept of precarious work, but also offers invaluable insight into the potential methods of addressing this phenomenon through labour regulation and case law at EU and national level.
Constructing Scalar-Valued Objective Functions
For several decades, scholars have developed methods for solving optimization problems which emerge in economics, econometrics, operations research, and other disciplines. A considerable effort has been made to construct equations from which constraints can be derived, but surprisingly little has been done to construct the other part of optimization models: the scalar-valued objective function, the constrained maximum or minimum of which gives the optimal solution. The given volume is intended to attract attention to the problem, to present the major achievements in the field and to stimulate further research and teaching.
Decent Work and Unemployment
This volume of 23 essays on diverse aspects of the complex and challenging concept of "decent work" has its inception in the "Impulses of Salzburg 2009". Questions of decent work and decent unemployment have become especially salient in times of an economic and financial crisis. The establishment of decent working conditions and decent unemployment provisions - a complex matter of securing the right ethical mix of security and incentives - are perceived as major challenges not only for developing and undeveloped countries, which still don't have stable economies and where the rate of poverty and corruption is still high, but also for "developed" societies themselves.
