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EMC in Railways. Electromagnetic Field Measurement
Railway and metro systems embed modern technologies and interface with external systems, outside world and humans. This book focuses on electromagnetic field coupling and its experimental assessment. Electromagnetics, transmission lines, antennas, the spectrum analyzer, time-frequency transforms, probability, statistics and uncertainty are the background. Six chapters follow that discuss standards, scientific literature, measurement methods, procedures. Emissions of rolling stock, line and substation using 2006 and 2015 versions of EN 50121 are considered, discussing infrastructure influence, variability and synchronization with train operation, consistency. RF emissions of current collectio...
RF and Microwave Measurements Device Characterization, Signal Integrity and Spectrum Analysis
RF and microwave measurements are common to many disciplines and engineering areas: device and PCB characterization and testing, EMI and EMC, and signal integrity, during design, prototyping and production phases. Measurement setups and procedures are more and more complex and demanding in terms of accuracy, performance, flexibility. Methods and techniques are often borrowed from other domains, including signal processing and probability theory. Mastering the whole process has thus become challenging for the variety and breadth of the required skills and experience. This book attacks the problem from two sides: reviewing circuits and transmission lines, signal analysis, random processes and statistics, and then considering the main experimental setup elements (cables, connectors and PCBs). Two chapters are for the Spectrum Analyzer and the Vector Network Analyzer, their settings, operation, calibration and verification. The objective is supporting R&D and test engineers, academic staff and students: references were thoroughly examined and practical examples conceived to support theory and allow autonomous repetition and verification.
Electromagnetic Compatibility in Railways
A railway is a complex distributed engineering system: the construction of a new railway or the modernisation of a existing one requires a deep understanding of the constitutive components and their interaction, inside the system itself and towards the outside world. The former covers the various subsystems (featuring a complex mix of high power sources, sensitive safety critical systems, intentional transmitters, etc.) and their interaction, including the specific functions and their relevance to safety. The latter represents all the additional possible external victims and sources of electromagnetic interaction. EMC thus starts from a comprehension of the emissions and immunity characteristics and the interactions between sources and victims, with a strong relationship to electromagnetics and to system modeling. On the other hand, the said functions are achieved and preserved and their relevance for safety is adequately handled, if the related requirements are well posed and managed throughout the process from the beginning. The link is represented by standards and their correct application, as a support to analysis, testing and demonstration.
Electromagnetic Interference and Compatibility
Recent progress in the fields of Electrical and Electronic Engineering has created new application scenarios and new Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) challenges, along with novel tools and methodologies to address them. This volume, which collects the contributions published in the “Electromagnetic Interference and Compatibility” Special Issue of MDPI Electronics, provides a vivid picture of current research trends and new developments in the rapidly evolving, broad area of EMC, including contributions on EMC issues in digital communications, power electronics, and analog integrated circuits and sensors, along with signal and power integrity and electromagnetic interference (EMI) suppression properties of materials.
Power Quality in Electrified Transportation Systems
"Power Quality in Electrified Transportation Systems" has covered interesting horizontal topics over diversified transportation technologies, ranging from railways to electric vehicles and ships. Although the attention is chiefly focused on typical railway issues such as harmonics, resonances and reactive power flow compensation, the integration of electric vehicles plays a significant role. The book is completed by some additional significant contributions, focusing on the interpretation of Power Quality phenomena propagation in railways using the fundamentals of electromagnetic theory and on electric ships in the light of the latest standardization efforts.
