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The Chemistry of Mycotoxins
The biological activity of mycotoxins ranges from weak and/or sometimes positive effects, such as antibacterial activity (see penicillin derivatives derived from Penicillium strains) to strong mutagenic (e. g. aflatoxins, patulin), carcinogenic (e. g. aflatoxins), teratogenic, neurotoxic (e. g. ochratoxins), nephrotoxic (e. g. fumonisins, citrinin), hepatotoxic, and immunotoxic (e. g. ochratoxins, diketopiperazines) activity. Nowadays, many laboratories around the world are specialized in the detection of mycotoxins in food products and contaminated material found in housing. In this volume, a focus on the most important classes of mycotoxins is provided and their chemistry of the last ten years is discussed. In each Section, the individual biological impact is outlined. Sections are arranged according to mycotoxin classes (e. g. aflatoxins) and/or structural classes (e. g. resorcinyl lactones, diketopiperazines). The biology of mycotoxins is also described.
Parnafungine und Phenanthridine --Leitstrukturen Für Die Wirkstoffsynthese
Die Parnafungine wurden erstmals 2008 aus dem Pilz Fusarium larvarum isoliert und sind einmalig in ihrem strukturellen Aufbau, in welchem ein Tetrahydroxanthenon-Gerust mit einer Isoxazolidinon-Einheit kombiniert ist. Aufgrund ihrer Einzigartigkeit und ihrer biologischen Aktivitaten sind diese Naturstoffe ein interessantes Ziel fur die Totalsynthese. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wurden erste Grundlagen hinsichtlich der Totalsynthese der Parnafungine A, B und C gelegt, womit schliesslich zwei Schlusselintermediate synthetisiert werden konnten. Des Weiteren konnte eine neue Methodik zur Isomerisierung der Doppelbindung in Tetrahydroxanthenonen durch Verwendung von Aluminiumtrichlorid entwickelt werden. Hierbei wurden sowohl der Mechanismus der Reaktion, als auch die Folgechemie der Isomerisierungsprodukte untersucht. Ebenso konnte im Zuge der Studien an der Totalsynthese der Parnafungine eine neue photochemische Methode entwickelt werden, welche in zwei Stufen einen schnellen und einfachen Zugang zu einer Vielzahl von Phenanthridin-Derivaten bietet.
Archaeology and Ancient Religion in the American Midcontinent
Analyses of big datasets signal important directions for the archaeology of religion in the Archaic to Mississippian Native North America Across North America, huge data accumulations derived from decades of cultural resource management studies, combined with old museum collections, provide archaeologists with unparalleled opportunities to explore new questions about the lives of ancient native peoples. For many years the topics of technology, economy, and political organization have received the most research attention, while ritual, religion, and symbolic expression have largely been ignored. This was often the case because researchers considered such topics beyond reach of their methods a...
Oxygen Transport To Tissue XXIII
The ISOTT 2001 local organizing committee was pleased to welcome over 140 delegates from around the world to the 29th annual general meeting of the International Society for Oxygen Transport to Tissue. The meeting was held in historic Philadelphia, USA, on the campus of the University of Pennsylvania from August 11 to 15, 2001. In the tradition of ISOTT, the conference was a total immersion experience. Attendees were encouraged to eat together and spend their evenings relaxing together in a style that maximized exchange of ideas and interactions of younger scientists with their more senior colleagues. Delegates participated in a total of 122 presentations including poster displays, selected ...
