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This volume provides the first comprehensive reference work in English on the French language in all its facets. It offers a wide-ranging approach to the rich, varied, and exciting research across multiple subfields, with seven broad thematic sections covering the structures of French; the history of French; axes of variation; French around the world; French in contact with other languages; second language acquisition; and French in literature, culture, arts, and the media. Each chapter presents the state of the art and directs readers to canonical studies and essential works, while also exploring cutting-edge research and outlining future directions. The Oxford Handbook of the French Langua...
Corpus Dialectology combines the fields of corpus linguistics and dialectological mapping. It concerns documentation of linguistic variation and mapping of linguistic spaces and boundaries, while ascribing renewed importance to the methodology and the material itself, especially data processing and statistical analysis. This approach considers phenomena that have received little attention to date, such as migration, language contact, mobility and educational level, as well as the differentiation between rural and urban spaces. Transparently described and intersubjectively comprehensible encodings permit the enhancement of dialectometry in the context of Digital Humanities and further development of linguistic theories of variation and change, as well as different levels of structure (phonology, morphosyntax, semantics). This book contains nine chapters on ongoing corpus dialectological research projects. They discuss current issues of data collection, for example the validity of crowdsourced data, explore challenges and possibilities of data analysis and offer theoretical reflections on virtual Romance geolinguistics.
Le design thinking, "c’est une discipline qui utilise la sensibilité, les outils et méthodes des designers pour permettre à des équipes pluridisciplinaires d’innover en mettant en correspondance attentes des utilisateurs, faisabilité technologique et viabilité économique." (Tim Brown, CEO de l’agence américaine IDEO) Ce Livre, fruit de plusieurs années de lectures, d’observations et d’échanges, va vous faire découvrir "les bonnes pratiques" d’une méthode alternative de management, le design thinking. Ces bonnes pratiques ont vocation non seulement d’illustrer la diversité de l’intégration du design thinking, mais aussi de vous inspirer dans votre pratique managériale. L’objectif est pratique et stratégique : informer, inviter à intégrer la démarche, orienter vers de nouvelles prises de décision, transformer les organisations. Des exemples ou références vous donneront un petit aperçu des réalisations de "ceux qui ont testé". Inspirez-vous- en pour faire grandir votre organisation !
Discourse markers constitute an important part of linguistic communication, and research on this phenomenon has been a thriving field of study over the past three decades. However, a problem that has plagued this research is that these markers exhibit a number of structural characteristics that are hard to interpret based on existing methodologies, such as grammaticalization. This study argues that it is possible to explain such characteristics in a meaningful way. It presents a cross-linguistic survey of the development of discourse markers, their important role in communication, and their relation to the wider context of sociocultural behaviour, with the goal of explaining their similarities and differences across a typologically wide range of languages. By giving a clear definition of discourse markers, it aims to provide a guide for future research, making it essential reading for students and researchers in linguistics, and anyone interested in exploring this fascinating linguistic phenomenon.
Water resource management consists of planning, developing, distributing and managing the available water resources. With increasing population growth, urbanization, and climate change, water management becomes more demanding. This book presents innovative solutions for present as well as future challenges we are facing in water conservation and water quality protection. The 2nd Ed. entails new figures, percentages, latest information, trends, and all case studies updated with new ones. Provides a green perspective on how water is and can be used. The update will entail new figures, percentages, latest information, trends, and all case studies updated with new ones.
Explores the profession of singing, operatic culture, and the representation of female performers on the nineteenth century French stage.
Cet ouvrage d'annales permet une préparation optimale aux épreuves du concours d'entrée en écoles d'aide-soignant : - l'épreuve écrite d'admissibilité (culture générale, biologie, mathématiques) ; - l'épreuve orale d'admission. Pour chaque épreuve du concours, l'ouvrage propose : - les sujets des dernières sessions ; - des annales de toutes les régions ; - toute la méthodologie des épreuves et des conseils pratiques pour être prêt le jour J. Plaçant le candidat dans les conditions réelles du concours, cet ouvrage se révèle indispensable pour préparer et réussir le concours d'entrée en écoles d'aide-soignant.
Containing critical readings of some major French authors in the light of the evolving relations between biography and literature, this book offers a history of French literature over a 300-year period, and also a discussion of biography - its forms, history, and functions
This volume brings together two particularly dynamic areas of contemporary research on the French language. The chapters showcase the most innovative current scholarship in historical linguistics, sociolinguistics, and in the burgeoning field of historical sociolinguistics which lies at their intersection. The research across the volume is strongly data-centred, drawing on a wide range of both well-established and more novel theoretical and methodological approaches in order to open up new perspectives on the study of the French language in the twenty-first century. Although it is written in English, the work presented here is underpinned by a range of different approaches from across the Francophone and Anglophone worlds. Particular emphasis is placed on combining quantitative and qualitative approaches, on diversifying tools, methods, and objects of inquiry, and on adopting comparative and multilingual perspectives where these shed new light on important questions relating to French. In these ways, Historical and Sociolinguistic Approaches to French highlights some of the most exciting new directions for linguistic research on the French language.