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La publicidad y las relaciones públicas conforman las principales áreas sobre las que pivota la gestión de la comunicación organizacional ya que tanto las empresas como las instituciones y otras entidades de diversa naturaleza lanzan mensajes publicitarios y relacionistas, estratégicamente diseñados, con el objetivo de: -Promocionar sus productos, marcas o servicios a través del sistema de comunicación comercial. -Gestionar eficazmente las relaciones con los públicos de su en-torno a través del sistema de comunicación relacionista. Desde esta perspectiva, una amplia diversidad de fenómenos tales como la publicidad de productos y marcas, el advergaming, el subvertising, los programas de relaciones públicas, la gestión del riesgo reputacional, la publicidad de relaciones públicas o la organización de actos, el ceremo-nial y el protocolo, conforman la realidad cotidiana del fenómeno comunicativo aplicado a la gestión de la comunicación de empresas e instituciones tanto del sector privado como del público.
Esta publicación recoge las investigaciones presentadas al simposio 12 de la 3a edición del Congreso Internacional de Comunicación y Pensamiento: Generación Smartphone, comunicación móvil, celebrado los días 21, 22 y 23 de marzo en la Universidad de Sevilla (España). Se trata de una obra multidisciplinar y bilingüe con aportaciones de investigadores de España, Portugal y Ecuador. Las diferentes realidades culturales y lingüísticas representadas en esta obra la nutren de una riqueza singular. Además, el encuentro de diferentes perspectivas dentro del mismo simposio permitió establecer vínculos y futuros proyectos de trabajo.
The basic set of this work consists of 1851-1974, v. 1-22. Supplements will periodically update information.
We contribute to the intense debate on the real effects of fiscal stimuli by showing that the impact of government expenditure shocks depends crucially on key country characteristics, such as the level of development, exchange rate regime, openness to trade, and public indebtedness. Based on a novel quarterly dataset of government expenditure in 44 countries, we find that (i) the output effect of an increase in government consumption is larger in industrial than in developing countries, (ii) the fisscal multiplier is relatively large in economies operating under predetermined exchange rate but zero in economies operating under flexible exchange rates; (iii) fiscal multipliers in open economies are lower than in closed economies and (iv) fiscal multipliers in high-debt countries are also zero.
As a collection of papers that includes material presented at the 2008 International Congress for Plant Pathology, this text features research right at the leading edge of the field. The latest findings are particularly crucial in their implications for fruit production; an important market sector where in some areas up to 50 per cent of the crop can be lost after harvest. While post-harvest fruit treatments with fungicides are the most effective means to reduce decay, rising concerns about toxicity have led to the development of alternative approaches to disease control, including biological methods, the subject of three chapters of this book. With several new techniques requiring modificat...
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The world is losing species and biodiversity at an unprecedented rate. The causes go deep and the losses are driven by a complex array of social, economic, political and biological factors at different levels. Immediate causes such as over-harvesting, pollution and habitat change have been well studied, but the socioeconomic factors driving people to degrade their environment are less well understood. This book examines the underlying causes. It provides analyses of a range of case studies from Brazil, Cameroon, China, Danube River Basin, India, Mexico, Pakistan, Philippines, Tanzania and Vietnam, and integrates them into a new and interdisciplinary framework for understanding what is happening. From these results, the editors are able to derive policy conclusions and recommendations for operational and institutional approaches to address the root causes and reverse the current trends. It makes a contribution to the understanding of all those - from ecologists and conservationists to economists and policy makers - working on one of the major challenges we face.