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The first wave of Chinese immigrants came to Chicagoland in the 1870s, after the transcontinental railway connected the Pacific Coast to Chicago. In 1882, the Chinese Exclusion Act prevented working-class Chinese from entering the U.S., except men who could prove they were American citizens. For more than 60 years, many Chinese immigrants had acquired documents helping to prove that they were born in America or had a parent who was a citizen. The men who bore these false identities were called "paper sons." A second wave of Chinese immigrants arrived after the repeal of the Act in 1943, seeking economic opportunity and to be reunited with their families.
Volumes for 1828-1934 contain the Proceedings at large of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions.
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Why has Africa remained persistently poor over its recorded history? Has Africa always been poor? What has been the nature of Africa's poverty and how do we explain its origins? This volume takes a necessary interdisciplinary approach to these questions by bringing together perspectives from archaeology, linguistics, history, anthropology, political science, and economics. Several contributors note that Africa's development was at par with many areas of Europe in the first millennium of the Common Era. Why Africa fell behind is a key theme in this volume, with insights that should inform Africa's developmental strategies.
The growth of Greek cities in the first millennium BC / Ian Morris -- Did the population of imperial Rome reproduce itself? / Elio Lo Cascio -- Epidemics, age at death, and mortality in ancient Rome / Richard R. Paine and Glenn R. Storey -- Seasonal mortality in imperial Rome and the Mediterranean : three problem cases / Brent D. Shaw -- Population relationships in and around medieval Danish towns / Hans Christian Petersen, Jesper L. Boldsen, and Richard R. Paine -- Colonial and postcolonial New York : issues of size, scale, and structure / Nan A. Rothschild -- An urban population from Roman Upper Egypt / Roger S. Bagnall -- Precolonial African cities : size and density / Chapurukha Kusimba,...
Recent studies of Chinese voluntary associations (CVAs) have attempted to highlight the theoretical significance of CVAs for understandings of community (re)making. However, the power dynamics inherent in community (re)making have rarely been expounded. In recognition of this, this book weaves together case studies across countries in the Asia Pacific to explore the complex power relations played out in and through the transformation of CVAs. Collectively, CVAs are understood as ever-changing, heterogeneous ancestral communities composed of common ancestral ties, be it origin, locality, surname, religion or language. Contributions to this book focus on CVAs in three ways: (1) by foregrounding CVAs as sites of power relations through unpacking ethnic relations and gender hierarchies; (2) by illuminating Chinese diaspora transnationalism beyond political-economic perspectives; and (3) by examining the contemporaneous transformation of ethnic Chinese communities in shifting times, including amidst China's ‘rise’ as a global power. This book was originally published as a special issue of Ethnic and Racial Studies.