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This thesis focuses on the transport and magneto-transport properties of graphene p-n-p junctions, such as the pronounced quantum Hall effect, a well-defined plateau–plateau transition point, and scaling behavior. In addition, it demonstrates persistent photoconductivity (PPC) in the monolayer MoS2 devices, an effect that can be attributed to random localized potential fluctuations in the devices. Further, it studies scaling behavior at zeroth Landau level and high performance of fractional values of quantum Hall plateaus in these graphene p-n-p devices. Moreover, it demonstrates a unique and efficient means of controlling the PPC effect in monolayer MoS2. This PPC effect may offer novel functionalities for MoS2-based optoelectronic applications in the future.
This book delivers a comprehensive evaluation of organic and hybrid solar cells and identifies their fundamental principles and numerous applications. Great attention is given to the charge transport mechanism, donor and acceptor materials, interfacial materials, alternative electrodes, device engineering and physics, and device stability. The authors provide an industrial perspective on the future of photovoltaic technologies.
Even though the effect of lead contamination on human health has been known for decades, very little attention has been paid to lead-based solders used in electronics until recently. This comprehensive book examines all the important issues associated with lead-free electronic solder. It collects the work of researchers recognized for their significant scientific contributions in the area.
This book describes the technology used for effective sensing of our physical world and intelligent processing techniques for sensed information, which are essential to the success of Internet of Things (IoT). The authors provide a multidisciplinary view of sensor technology from materials, process, circuits, and big data domains and showcase smart sensor systems in real applications including smart home, transportation, medical, environmental, agricultural, etc. Unlike earlier books on sensors, this book provides a “global” view on smart sensors covering abstraction levels from device, circuit, systems, and algorithms.
The latest edition of the leading resource on the properties and applications of liquid crystals In the newly revised Third Edition of Liquid Crystals, Professor Iam Choon Khoo delivers a comprehensive treatment of the fundamentals and applied aspects of optical physics, light scattering, electro-optics, and non-linear optics of liquid crystals. The book's opening chapters include coverage of the foundational physics and optical properties of liquid crystals and lead to more advanced content on the display, photonics and nonlinear optics applications of liquid crystals. New topics, including photonic crystals, metamaterials, ultrafast nonlinear optics, and fabrication methods for massive cho...
Spurred by the desire to make chemistry a sustainable and "greener" technology, the field of organocatalysis has grown to become one of the most important areas in synthetic organic chemistry. Organic catalysts can often replace potentially toxic metal catalysts and allow reactions to proceed under mild reaction conditions, thereby saving energy costs and rendering chemical processes inherently safer. More importantly perhaps, organocatalysis offers a complementary reactivity in many instances leading to increased versatility. This Handbook describes 126 key reagents for organocatalytic reactions and will be especially useful for professionals in the area of sustainable chemistry, medicinal ...
The field of optoelectronic polymers has continuously expanded in the past two decades because of their innovative applications in a variety of technologies in optoelectronic, photonic and energy research. Groups across the world are still looking into the fundamentals, as well as their applications, which remain to be fully understood and envisioned. This is the first book on the topic for researchers who are entering the field, highlighting the remarkable basic science and technological potential of this class of materials. Chapters will focus on the fundamental concepts as well as up-and-coming research into the applications of these polymers. Chapters will look at topics such as pure organic phosphorescence and external stimuli-responsive luminescent materials that are not covered in other books.
In recent years, there has been a lot of interest in using nanotechnology in medicine to diagnose and cure various infectious diseases. Although the precise mechanism of action is frequently challenged, many nanosized materials have been extensively explored for this purpose, using their innately unique features. Their functionality has also been enhanced by the addition of various coatings, such as those that increase chemical stability and stealth properties or contain targeting agents that lessen off-target effects while producing effective "smart" nanoplatforms for the early detection, treatment, and possibly resolution of diseases. This book aims to compile research and review articles that concentrate on the synthesis, characterization, and applications of nanomaterials, such as nanoparticles, with a focus on investigating novel ways to improve their properties and create new efficient diagnostic, therapeutic, or theranostic approaches with a clear understanding of how they work.
Smart polymers are macromolecules capable of undergoing rapid, reversible phase transitions from a hydrophilic to a hydrophobic microstructure when triggered by small changes in their immediate environment, such as slight variations in temperature, pH or ionic strength. Until now, it has always been considered that polymers are passive participants within the Bioseparation procedure. Smart Polymers for Bioseparation and Bioprocessing addresses an entirely novel theory that advocates a much more active role for smart polymers within this process than has previously been envisaged, and therefore focuses on the role of these smart polymers within bioseparation. With contributions from the leading researchers working on smart polymers and their applications, this volume offers a comprehensive overview of both the current state-of-affairs within this research field and the potential for future developments. This book will be of interest to those working on techniques of bioseparation and bioprocessing, polymer chemists developing new smart polymers, as well as graduates in biotechnology.
Provides detailed descriptions of organic, inorganic, and hybrid solar cells and the latest developments in the quest to produce low-cost, long-lasting solar cells What will it take to transform solar energy from an important alternative source to a truly competitive and, perhaps, dominant one? Lower cost and longer life. Organic, Inorganic, and Hybrid Solar Cells: Principles and Practice provides in-depth information on the three types of existing solar cells, giving readers a good foundation for evaluating the technologies with the most potential for competing with energy from fossil fuels. Featuring a Foreword written by Nobel Peace Prize co-winner Dr. Woodrow W. Clark, this timely and co...