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Expansion of Health Insurance in the Philippines
In December 2012, the government of the Philippines passed the Sin Tax Law (RA 10351) which restructured and raised tobacco and alcohol taxes, while earmarking 85 percent of the incremental revenues for health. Of this 85 percent, 80 percent was intended to be used to provide free health insurance for poor and near-poor families through the National Health Insurance Program managed by PhilHealth, programs intended to speed progress of the health Millennium Development Goals, and programs to promote health awareness. The remaining 20 percent augments the financing of the Medical Assistance Program of the Department of Health (DOH), which is a hospital-based fund (in the name of mayors, congre...
Awareness of Health Insurance Benefits in the Philippines
In recent years, the Philippines has seen a rapid expansion of health insurance coverage, especially among the poor. In particular, the implementation of the 2012 Sin Tax Law, which increased tobacco and alcohol excise tax and earmarked most of the incremental revenues for PhilHealth premium subsidies for indigent households, contributed to an increase in the number of families receiving government-subsidized health insurance from 5.2 million to 15.3 million poor families and senior citizens between 2012 and 2015. This paper assesses how people who are eligible for government-subsidized (free) health insurance through Philippines Health Insurance Corporation (PhilHealth) find out about their eligibility and their benefits, and also how well people know the PhilHealth benefits.
Persistent Effects of Temporary Incentives
Temporary incentives are offered in anticipation of persistent effects, but these are seldom estimated. We use a nationwide randomized experiment in the Philippines to estimate effects three years after the withdrawal of two incentives for health insurance. A premium subsidy had a persistent effect on enrollment that is more than four fifths of the immediate effect. Application assistance had a much larger immediate impact, but less than a fifth of this effect persisted. The subsidy persuaded those with higher initial willingness to pay to enroll and keep enrolling, while application assistance achieved a larger immediate effect by drawing in those who valued insurance less and were less likely to re-enroll.
Are Improved Water Supply and Sanitation Always Safe for Children?
In 2010, the Philippines appeared to be on track to attain by 2015 its target for Millennium Development Goals 4 (Reduce child mortality), but less so for Goal 7 (Ensure environmental sustainability). In pursuit of the latter, the government expands its provision of water and services to more households. Applying propensity score matching technique on the data from the four rounds of a nationwide survey, such interventions are found to reduce the incidence of child diarrhea, a persistent top cause of child mortality, though not always. The impact of improved sources of drinking water is 1.3% to 2.6% in 1993 and 2.9% to 4.6% in 2003, but none is found in 1998 and 2008. The impact of improved sanitation is 1.2% to 2.1% in 1993 and 3.1% to 4.7% in 2008; but none is found in 1998 and 2003. In addition to health interventions, the regular monitoring of the quality of water and sanitation at the household level is suggested to achieve Goal 4. -- Water and sanitation ; child health ; MDGs ; Philippines
Principles and Practice of Gynecologic Oncology
This updated Fourth Edition provides comprehensive coverage of the biology of gynecologic cancer, the therapeutic modalities available, and the diagnosis and treatment of site-specific malignancies. Because of the importance of multimodality treatment, the site-specific chapters are co-authored by a surgical oncologist, a medical oncologist, a radiation oncologist, and a pathologist. A significant portion of this edition focuses on monoclonal antibodies, vaccines, and gene directed therapies and how they can greatly improve treatment outcomes. A new chapter on end-of-life care is also included. Three distinguished new editors—Richard R. Barakat, MD, Maurie Markman, MD, and Marcus E. Randall, MD—now join the editorial team.
The Higher Infinite
Over the years, this book has become a standard reference and guide in the set theory community. It provides a comprehensive account of the theory of large cardinals from its beginnings and some of the direct outgrowths leading to the frontiers of contemporary research, with open questions and speculations throughout.
Perks and Public Provisions
Using a panel dataset from cities and municipalities in the Philippines in 2001, 2004 and 2007, we investigate whether yardstick competition -- measured here as the average spending and revenues of surrounding jurisdictions in the same province -- influence local government fiscal decisions. For local governments with incumbents facing effective term limits, the effects of the yardstick variables are generally nil. For those with incumbents who are eligible for another term, the average total expenditures of surrounding jurisdictions seem to influence the LGU to re-allocate its budget for social and economic services that directly benefit the constituents towards overhead outlays that benefi...
PIDS Annual Report
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