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Mechanisms of Neurodegeneration in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Related Disorders
Motor neuron diseases (MNDs) comprise a large and heterogeneous group of disorders in which the impairment of neuromuscular unity is the major pathological hallmark, causing severe morbidity to individuals, and frequently leading to death due to respiratory failure. The incidence of MNDs varies in different populations; however, the most prevalent, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, is estimated to occur globally in around 1/2 per 100 000. As of today, a myriad of pathogenic variants located at more than a hundred genes and loci have been associated with this complex group of entities. Functional studies aiming to understand their physiological impact, both using stem cell and animal models, hav...
Antivirals for Emerging Viruses: Vaccines and Therapeutics
This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact.
Plasticity and Metabolic Switching in Adipose Tissue Macrophages
Macrophages are the most common immune cells present in adipose tissues. These adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) have an important role in regulating homeostasis and contributing to the metabolically harmful chronic inflammation seen in some obese individuals. Macrophages are cells exhibiting plasticity, that is to alter their polarization between pro- and anti-inflammatory phenotypes, in response to stimuli in their microenvironments. There has been a deal of evidence supporting the heterogeneity of these ATM populations, however, research into their differential functionality, developmental origin, and phenotype warrants further research to reach a consensus. Further questions remain regar...
