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Gut Microbiota in Health and Disease
Gut microbiota plays a crucial role in host health maintenance and disease pathogenesis. The largest reservoir of microbiota exists in gastrointestinal tract, both in the lumen, where microbes facilitate primary and secondary metabolism, and on mucosal surfaces, where they interact with host immune cell populations. Dysbiosis is associated with decreased microbiota function and diversity, disrupted epithelial barrier, bacterial translocation, inflammation, and local/systemic microbial-driven immunomodulation. In fact, gut dysbiosis appears to be associated with increased risk of developing inflammatory, autoimmune, and malignant diseases. In addition, it is important to explore implications of microbiota variations on drug disposition, action and toxicity.
Oxidative Stress, Inflammation and Angiogenesis in the Metabolic Syndrome
Metabolic Syndrome (MS) is a highly prevalent condition in developed countries and is a cluster of several risk factors for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease that includes increased body mass index/waist circumference, visceral obesity, insulin resistance, hyperclycaemia, dyslipidaemia and hypertension, which are all major causes of morbidity and death. This volume provides a critical review and discussion of the knowledge gathered on MS and analyzes the interplay between oxidative stress, chronic inflammation and angiogenesis features. There is a special focus on recent discoveries and progress toward possible therapeutic strategies, such as the role of glucose transporters within ...
Nutrition in the Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are one of the leading causes of death worldwide, which brings about a major public health burden. An increasing body of literature suggests that nutritional factors strongly affect CVD risks and progression. There is consensus among researchers that nutritional deficiency, as well as nutritional excess, both increase the risk of CVDs. In addition, it is increasingly recognized that not only nutrients but also dietary patterns play a role in CVDs. Furthermore, nutritional status and diet quality is also becoming a concern in regard to CVD development and outcomes. However, CVDs are complicated diseases with various causes, which leads to inconsistencies in dete...
Understanding Obesity: From its Causes to impact on Life
Understanding Obesity informs readers about contributing factors to obesity: from social and behavioral determinants throughout the life course, influences from before we are born to what we eat (nutrients and food contaminants which impact body weight), gut bacteria, and the way accumulated energy from nutrition is spent. Chapters will also inform readers about adipose tissue (the dynamic role of the adipose tissue during obesity development, the pressure put on to its remodeling and differences in obesity phenotypes regarding association with pathological outcomes as well as the latest advances in finding biological markers of adipose tissue dysfunction) and the latest treatment options fo...
Polyphenols in Human Health and Disease
Polyphenols in Human Health and Disease documents antioxidant actions of polyphenols in protection of cells and cell organelles, critical for understanding their health-promoting actions to help the dietary supplement industry. The book begins by describing the fundamentals of absorption, metabolism and bioavailability of polyphenols, as well as the effect of microbes on polyphenol structure and function and toxicity. It then examines the role of polyphenols in the treatment of chronic disease, including vascular and cardiac health, obesity and diabetes therapy, cancer treatment and prevention, and more. - Explores neuronal protection by polyphenol metabolites and their application to medical care - Defines modulation of enzyme actions to help researchers see and study polyphenols' mechanisms of action, leading to clinical applications - Includes insights on polyphenols in brain and neurological functions to apply them to the wide range of aging diseases
Dietary Polyphenols
Presents recent research on metabolism and the health effects of polyphenols Consumer interest in the health benefits of many phenolic compounds found in plant foods and derivatives has grown considerably in recent years, giving rise to an increased demand for functional foods. Although preclinical and observational studies have promoted the protective properties of polyphenols for a range of chronic diseases, evidence has shown that most dietary polyphenols have little bioavailability. Once ingested, most of them are metabolized by either the intestinal enzymes or by the gut microbiota and then undergo extensive phase-II metabolism reaching significant concentrations of conjugated metabolit...
Saude e Estilos de Vida
Portugal assiste atualmente a um preocupante cenário no que se refere à prevalência das doenças crónicas não transmissíveis. As alterações metabólicas justificam que o risco de doenças crónicas como as cardiovasculares, a diabetes, o cancro, as doenças mentais (tais como a depressão), ou mesmo as doenças osteoarticulares seja cada vez maior e mais prevalente. E essas alterações decor-rem muitas vezes de um estilo de vida pouco saudável que constitui, hoje, a principal causa de morbi-lidade e mortalidade nas sociedades desenvolvidas, contribuindo para uma menor qualidade de vida e mais custos em serviços de saúde. Importa por isso conhecer a fundo o problema e proceder a um diagnóstico e uma intervenção que, de forma adequada e atualizada, envolvam estratégias integradas, multidisciplinares, especializadas e articuladas centradas no doente.
Polyphenols: Mechanisms of Action in Human Health and Disease
Polyphenols: Mechanisms of Action in Human Health and Disease, Second Edition describes the mechanisms of polyphenol antioxidant activities and their use in disease prevention. Chapters highlight the anti-inflammatory activity of polyphenols on key dendritic cells, how they modulate and suppress inflammation, and how they are inactivated or activated by metabolism in the gut and circulating blood. Polyphenols have proven effective for key health benefits, including bone health, organ health, cardiac and vascular conditions, absorption and metabolism, and cancer and diseases of the immune system. They are a unique group of phytochemicals that are present in all fruits, vegetables and other plant products. This very diverse and multi-functional group of active plant compounds contain powerful antioxidant properties and exhibit remarkable chemical, biological and physiological properties, including cancer prevention and cardio-protective activities. - Expands coverage on green tea, cocoa, wine, cumin and herbs - Outlines their chemical properties, bioavailability and metabolomics - Provides a self-teaching guide to learn the mechanisms of action and health benefits of polyphenols
