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The Arms Trade Treaty is the first universal disarmament treaty to control the export and import of all conventional arms. This commentary describes each provision of the Treaty, how it was negotiated, and the key challenges to its implementation.
2. The use of nuclear weapons as a potential war crime
Existing international law is capable to govern the “war on terror” also in the aftermath of September 11, 2001. The standards generally applicable to targeted killings are those of human rights law. Force may be used in order to address immediate threats, preventive killings are permitted under strict preconditions but targeted killings are prohibited. In the context of armed conflicts, these standards are complemented by international humanitarian law as lex specialis. Civilians may only be targeted while directly taking part in hostilities and posing a threat to the adversary. Also in Israel and the Occupied Territory, these standards apply. Contrary to the Israeli Supreme Court’s view, international humanitarian law is not complemented by human rights law, but human rights law is – to some degree – complemented by international humanitarian law. According to these standards, many killings which would be legal according to the Israeli Supreme Court violate international law.
Charting in detail the evolution of the international rules on the protection of historic and artistic sites and objects from destruction and plunder in war, this 2006 book analyses in depth their many often-overlapping provisions. It serves as a comprehensive and balanced guide to a subject of increasing public profile, which will be of interest to academics, students and practitioners of international law and to all those concerned with preserving the cultural heritage.
Massive, shocking violations of human rights are taking place in conflicts, crises, and emergencies around the world. There is broad agreement that human rights must be protected in the field, on the ground, where prople are vulnerable. But how is this to be done? There is a crisis of protection world-wide. Human rights and humanitarian organizations are in a quandry. They have all sounded the alarm. But how can protection be extended to those at risk, whether it be children, women, civilians, non-combattants, or the victims of oppression and violence? This is one of the first books to examine the need for protection in the field, survey the experiences of the different human rights and humanitarian organizations, and assess what works and what does not work. For the most part it reveals, sadly, a crisis in protection efforts in the field. But in doing so, it will, hopefully, spur on greater efforts for strengthened protection in the field. More effective protection of human rights is its quest.
Collection of 20 essays by the author, republished as initially written in English or French. They reflect the development of the author's views as well as the evolution of the law of the sea itself since the beginning of the Third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea.
A unique and indispensible work that serves both as a basic introduction to the disarmament scene and a reference book for experts' - "Disarmament Times " The revised and updated edition of Arms Control: The New Guide to Negotiations and Agreements contains the most authoritative and comprehensive survey ever published of the documents related to arms control.
This book, first published in 1982, provides a well-informed historical overview, insightful analysis and searching critique of arms control agreements and negotiations from the Hague Declaration of 1899 to the SALT Treaties and Conventions of the 1970s and 1980s. Arms control agreements of international importance and historical merit are assessed, for the extent to which each affected the arms race or reduced the likelihood of war.
These collected essays reflect the development of the author’s views as well as the evolution of the law of the sea itself since the beginning of the Third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea. After an introductory chapter, the author, Judge at the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea in Hamburg, describes and analyzes topics such as the sources of the law of the sea, the relation of the law of the sea to other fields of international law, maritime delimitation, natural resources and navigation, as well as military uses of the sea, the protection of marine environment, enclosed and semi-enclosed seas and the settlement of disputes. The papers reproduced in this volume (some of which in French) will be of interest to both academics and professionals interested in the law of the sea and its institutions.