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Ethical Tensions from New Technology
The introduction of new technologies can be controversial, especially when they create ethical tensions as well as winners and losers among stakeholders and interest groups. While ethical tensions resulting from the genetic modification of crops and plants and their supportive gene technologies have been apparent for decades, persistent challenges remain. This book explores the contemporary nature, type, extent and implications of ethical tensions resulting from agricultural biotechnology specifically and technology generally. There are four main arenas of ethical tensions: public opinion, policy and regulation, technology as solutions to problems, and older versus new technologies. Contribu...
Financial Inclusion, Innovation, and Investments
1. How can financial markets and biotechnology help the rural poor? / Ralph D. Christy [und weitere] -- 2. Financial development and growth : what role can foreign capital play? / Eswar Prasad [und weitere] -- 3. The securitization of microloans / Vicki L. Bogan -- 4. A vision for scaling microfinance : more than dollars and smarts / Deborah Burand -- 5. Innovations in index insurance for the poor in low-income countries / Jerry Skees -- 6. Overcoming poverty through improved agricultural technology / Robert W. Herdt -- 7. Agricultural biotechnology in Latin America : economic benefits, regional capacity, and policy options / Greg Traxler -- 8. Biotechnology, agriculture, and food security in Southern Africa : strategic policy challenges and opportunities / Steven Were Omamo and Klaus von Grebmer -- 9. Developing country options under TRIPS : choices to maximize biotech transfer / William Lesser and Deepthi Kolady -- 10. What matters to African firms? The relevance of perceptions data / Alan Gelb [und weiteren] -- 11. Making the most out of FDI in Africa / Norbert L.W. Wilson and Malick Diarrasouba
Agricultural Trade
In this paper, we provide an overview of the agricultural trade negotiations within the current World Trade Organization (WTO) negotiations and we show that including agriculture in the Doha Development Agenda talks is important both economically and politically, although the political resistance to reform is particularly strong in this sector. While agriculture accounts for less than 10 percent of merchandise trade, high and variable agricultural distortions appear to cause the majority of the cost of distortions to global merchandise trade. Within agriculture, most of the costs appear to arise from trade barriers levied on imports, since these barriers tend to be high, variable across time...
How are farmers adapting to climate change in Vietnam? Endogeneity and sample selection in a rice yield model
Vietnam is likely to be among the countries hardest hit by climate change, threatening its legacy as a champion in leveraging agriculture for development. This paper examines how a changing climate may affect rice production and how Vietnamese farmers are likely to adapt to various climatic conditions using an innovative yield function approach, taking into account sample selection bias and endogeneity of inputs. Model results suggest that although climate change can potentially reduce rice production, farmers will respond mainly by adjusting the production portfolio and levels of input use. However, investments in rural infrastructure and human capital will have to support farmers in the adaptation process if production levels and farm incomes are to be sustained in the future.
Linking Smallholder Producers to Modern Agri-Food Chains: Case Studies from South Asia, Southeast Asia and China
This publication examines the processes and impact of market restructuring through comparative in-depth empirical case studies in selected Asian countries, namely, China,India, Indonesia, Philippines, Sri Lanka and Thailand. These countries represent both a broad geographic coverage and a range of stages of market concentration in the region. The country papers address important questions such as what determines the participation of producers in different channels, what is the impact of farmer participation on incomes and what institutional, technological, economic and other reforms are necessary to enhance their effective participation in the emerging and restructuring markets.The case stud...
Impact of Food Price Changes on Household Welfare in Ghana
In the wake of the global food crisis of 200708 and additional price spikes since then, greater attention has been given to the welfare impact of food price increases in developing countries. The standard approach in this type of analysis, proposed by Deaton (1989), is based on income and expenditure data from household surveys. Given the widespread use of this method, it is important to revisit the assumptions behind it and examine the sensitivity of results to those assumptions. In this paper, we explore the distributional impact of higher maize, rice, and food prices in Ghana and analyze the robustness of those results to changes in several key assumptions. The results suggest that high...
Rising Global Interest in Farmland
This book not only highlights the risks associated with large-scale investment, but also advises on how governments can create an environment to attract investment that contributes to broad-based growth and poverty reduction in cases where land acquisition by large investors makes sense from a social, economic, and environmental perspective.
Securing food for all in Bangladesh
Securing Food for All in Bangladesh presents an array of research that collectively address four broad issues: (1) agricultural technology adoption; (2) input use and agricultural productivity; (3) food security and output market; and (4) poverty, food security, and women’s empowerment. The fifteen chapters of the book address diverse aspects within these four themes. Access to sufficient food by all people at all times to meet their dietary needs is a matter of critical importance. Despite declining arable agricultural land, Bangladesh has made commendable progress in boosting domestic food production. The growth in overall food production has been keeping ahead of population growth, resu...
Food for All
This book is a historical review of international food and agriculture since the founding of the international organizations following the Second World War, including the World Bank and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), the World Food Programme (WFP) and into the 1970s, when CGIAR was established and the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) was created to recycle petrodollars. Despite numerous international consultations and an increased number of actors, there has been no real growth in international assistance, except for the work of the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. The book concurrently focuses on the structural transformation of de...
Development Economics
Gerard Roland's new text, Development Economics, is the first undergraduate text to recognize the role of institutions in understanding development and growth. Through a series of chapters devoted to specific sets of institutions, Roland examines the effects of institutions on growth, property rights, market development, and the delivery of public goods and services and focuses. With the most comprehensive and up to date treatment of institutions on development, Roland explores the important questions of why some countries develop faster than others and why some fail while others are successful.
