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Adenosine
Homeostasis of key metabolites and metabolic health affects all bodily systems. Not surprisingly, altered metabolic function is associated with a wide spectrum of dysfunctions in the central nervous system – including developmental disorders, acute nervous system injury, and neurodegenerative disorders. Accordingly, metabolism-based therapies offer significant promise as new category of treatment options designed to limit, delay or reverse the disease process by reconstructing homeostatic functions. Increasingly it is appreciated that restoring metabolic health could promote normal nervous system activity, and improve behavior and cognition. Adenosine: A Key Link Between Metabolism and Cen...
Homeostatic Control of Brain Function
Homeostatic Control of Brain Function offers a broad view of brain health and diverse perspectives for potential treatments, targeting key areas such as mitochondria, the immune system, epigenetic changes, and regulatory molecules such as ions, neuropeptides, and neuromodulators. Loss of homeostasis becomes expressed as a diverse array of neurological disorders. Each disorder has multiple comorbidities - with some crossing over several conditions - and often disease-specific treatments remain elusive. When current pharmacological therapies result in ineffective and inadequate outcomes, therapies to restore and maintain homeostatic functions can help improve brain health, no matter the diagno...
Sudden Death in Epilepsy: Basic and Translational Research
Sudden Death in Epilepsy (SUDEP) is a major cause of death in people with epilepsy, accounting for up to 17% of all deaths. Research interest is exploding, focusing on epidemiology, basic mechanisms, identification of risk factors, and biomarkers. New wearable technologies are approved or in development. These incorporate accelerometers and advanced heart rate detection, which are linked to smart phones. The advent of FDA approved detection devices now allows immediate intervention by family and loved ones. The next frontier for SUDEP remains effective prevention strategies, which will likely include new devices and pharmacologic interventions. This volume is organized into three sections: Basic and Physiologic Mechanisms; Clinical Risk Factors and Inventories; and Very Early Research into Pharmacologic Interventions. It is our hope that this eBook will inform clinicians of key advances in the field, and to foster and stimulate basic and translational research with one purpose: To prevent SUDEP in those at risk.
Metabolic Control of Brain Homeostasis
Brain function is under metabolic control, which in turn determines the equilibrium of homeostatic systems that affect neuronal and glial networks on the molecular, cellular, and systems levels. The collection of articles ranges from molecules and mechanisms involved in regulating homeostasis and neuronal excitability to therapeutic mechanisms tailored to restore homeostatic function. It also features neurological diseases and novel treatment approaches that are based on metabolic and homeostatic interventions. Together, the collection of articles outlines novel strategies to restore brain function in neurology and highlights limitations of conventional pharmacological approaches. We suggest that restoration of molecular and biochemical networks could lead to a new era of therapeutic opportunities.
The Physiological Functions of the Amyloid Precursor Protein Gene Family
The amyloid precursor protein APP plays a key role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), as proteolytical cleavage of APP gives rise to the Aβ peptide which is deposited in the brains of Alzheimer patients. Despite this, our knowledge of the normal cell biological and physiological functions of APP and the closely related APLPs is limited. This may have hampered our understanding of AD, since evidence has accumulated that not only the production of the Aβ peptide but also the loss of APP-mediated functions may contribute to AD pathogenesis. Thus, it appears timely and highly relevant to elucidate the functions of the APP gene family from the molecular level to their role in th...
Methylxanthines
In the present volume of the Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology well known experts describe the actions of different xanthines with a focus on caffeine and theophylline. A special chapter is devoted to theobromine, an active component of chocolate, the actions of which are less well characterized. This book also presents the pharmacology of one xanthine derivative, propentofylline, as an example of a xanthine that has gone through extensive development for a novel therapeutic area.
