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This guide highlights the particular problems of excavating from underwater sites, and describes the methods and equipment developed to overcome them. All the stages of dredging are considered, from project design specification and site investigation, to supervision of the actual dredging works.
Excerpt from Dredges and Dredging It is a singular fact that nearly every man feels that he is com petent to carry on a job of earth or rock excavation, yet there is nothing more difficult than to do such work economically. Man since prehistoric times has been digging into mother earth, yet there is always something to learn regarding excavation work. The last word will never be said on the subject. In this treatise only one class of excavation is touched upon, namely, dredging. If one needs an excuse for offering to the profession this book, it is found in the vast importance of dredging in our commercial life. Not only are there millions upon millions of dollars invested in dredging plants...
Hopper dredges are designed to vacuum material from the sea floor through drag arms that load the material into the hold of the vessel. The cargo of mud, or sand, can then be transported to either an ocean disposal site, where the material is dropped to the bottom through openings in the bottom of the hull, or at an upland site such as a beach, or reclamation, where the material is pumped ashore by the ship. This method is most suited when excavating loose material from open areas for delivery to a distant disposal location. These vessels are generally certified to sail in coastal or ocean waters and are suited for working in rougher sea conditions beyond those suitable for other dredging plants.
The varied use of dredgers has led to the development of a variety of dredger types, from small ones appropriate to modest inshore projects, to very large sea-going dredgers for large-scale projects calling for the storage of dredged material within the ship. This book, which is the first book dedicated to dredging and its environmental impact in the widest sense, contains chapters on dredging operations in the Netherlands, Belgium, the UK, Spain, the US, China and Singapore. Additional chapters discuss more general aspects such as dredging techniques, monitoring of dredging operations, and the prospects of dredging in a changing environment. As well as providing information on dredging activities in different areas, it gives an insight into the activities and problems (environmental or other) involved in modern dredging. It will be of interest to professionals and students alike.