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Cell Communication in Nervous and Immune System
This collection of reviews contains contributions by internationally recognized immunologists and molecular and cellular neurobiologists. Uniquely, it puts side by side cellular communication devices and signaling mechanisms in the immune and nervous systems and discusses mechanisms of interaction between the two systems, the significance of which has only recently been fully appreciated.
Neuronal Calcium Sensor Proteins
Calcium signalling is an astonishing example how a simple caption can trigger and regulate an enormous variety of cellular and physiological responses. Ca2+-signalling routes very often involve Ca2+-binding proteins that sense changes in intracellular [Ca2+] and trigger cellular responses by regulating specific targets. One fascinating group among these Ca2+-sensors are the neuronal calcium sensor (NCS) proteins, named for their localisation in neuronal tissue (although there are reports of their expression in non-neuronal tissues as well). While recent excellent reviews have covered key aspects of this protein group, the field expanded in recent years making it more and more difficult to represent every facet of this ongoing research endeavour. This book is intended to represent properties of NCS proteins.
Brains, Genes, and the Foundations of Human Society
The last 20 years have yielded an explosion of information from the still nascent field of social neuroscience. Studies devoted to identifying neural correlates of social cognitive and moral judgment processing have established subcortical and cortical regions that are integral for how we filter and interpret information pertinent to family and friends, our social in-group, and strangers and engage in everything from forming immediate impressions of them to judging their behavior with respect to complex moral norms. What is less clear is how neural regions involved in implicit and explicit cognitive processing, or those cognitive processes that occur almost instantaneously as opposed to thos...
The Physiological Functions of the Amyloid Precursor Protein Gene Family
The amyloid precursor protein APP plays a key role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), as proteolytical cleavage of APP gives rise to the Aβ peptide which is deposited in the brains of Alzheimer patients. Despite this, our knowledge of the normal cell biological and physiological functions of APP and the closely related APLPs is limited. This may have hampered our understanding of AD, since evidence has accumulated that not only the production of the Aβ peptide but also the loss of APP-mediated functions may contribute to AD pathogenesis. Thus, it appears timely and highly relevant to elucidate the functions of the APP gene family from the molecular level to their role in th...
Central Cholinergic Synaptic Transmission
Our knowledge of cholinergic synaptic transmission in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) has expanded enormously since the early 1930's, at which time O. Loewi discovered chemical neurotransmission through acetylcholine (ACh) and the pharmacological actions of ACh were described by H. Dale and his colleagues. Description of ACh's actions and receptors in various parts of the brain was followed by a detailed analysis of ACh's synthesis, release mechanism, removal from the synaptic cleft, modes of agonist-receptor interactions, properties of regulated conductances and of the pre-and postsynaptic modulation of cholinergic synapses. Our knowledge has been increasingly consolidat ing, leading us...
Neurochemistry
Proceedings of the 11th European Society for Neurochemistry Meeting held in Groningen, The Netherlandes, June 15-20, 1996
Molecular Mechanisms of Synaptogenesis
This book provides a new compilation of information that link changes in the basic structure of synapses and brain diseases. The book shows that specific secreted proteins, and short peptide mimicking the function of neural cell adhesion molecules can significantly enhance the formation of synapses in the brain. It describes recent advances in research that lay necessary scientific groundwork to develop pharmacological treatments.
Molecular Nanomachines of the Presynaptic Terminal
Synaptic transmission is the basis of neuronal communication and is thus the most important element in brain functions, ranging from sensory input to information processing. Changes in synaptic transmission can result in the formation or dissolution of memories, and can equally lead to neurological and psychiatric disorders. The proteins composing the synapse, and their respective functions, are getting increasingly known. One aspect that has become evident in the last years is that most synaptic functions are performed not by single proteins, but by highly organized multi-protein machineries, which interact dynamically to provide responses optimally suited to the needs of the neuronal network. To decipher synaptic and neuronal function, it is essential to understand the organisational, morphological and functional aspects of the molecular nanomachines that operate at the synapse. We discuss these aspects in 11 different chapters, focusing on the structure and function of the active zone, on the functional anatomy of the synaptic vesicle, and on some of the best known soluble protein complexes from the synapse, including those involved in endocytosis and vesicle recycling.
