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Carbon Monoxide Production in Compartment Fires
The formation of carbon monoxide during room or compartment fires has been investigated using natural gas fires burning within a reduced-scale enclosure (RSE), an 0.98 m x 0.98 m x 1.46 m (w x h x d) room with a single door opening centered in the front wall. This series of 125 fires ranging in heat release rate (HRR) from 7 to 650 kW and global equivalence ratio (~g) from 0.2 to 4.2, respectively, has demonstrated that the upper layer is nonuniform in temperature and gas species, and that upper-layer oxygen is depleted for underventilated fires with high-temperature upper layers. For fires having HRR exceeding 400 kW (~g > 2), carbon monoxide concentrations of up to 3.5 percent have been ob...
Effects of Wind Speed and Angle on Fire Spread Along Privacy Fences
A series of experiments was conducted to examine fire spread along fences subjected to wind at various speeds and angles. Specifically, sections of western redcedar, California redwood, or vinyl privacy fences were ignited with a burner. Wind fields of 9 m/s, 13.5 m/s, or 18 m/s aligned with, perpendicular to, or at a 45 angle to the fences were applied during the experiments. To simulate fine fuels typically present in real installations, dried shredded hardwood mulch beds were placed under most of the fence sections. Also, some fence sections were coated with fence preservative to assess its effect on fire spread. Pans of mulch were downwind targets for firebrands produced by the burning f...
Thermal Measurements
Annotation Presenting the proceedings of a symposium of the same name as the volume, held in December 2001 as part of the E-5 Fire Standards Committee meeting in Dallas, Texas, this volume contains 11 contributions representing recent work in a variety of thermal measurement topics. These include temperature uncertainties for bare- bead and aspirated thermocouple measurements in fire environments; Sandia heat flux gauge thermal response and uncertainty models; and thermal measurements for fire fighters' protective clothing. Lacks a subject index. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR.
The Gas Turbine Handbook
The second edition of a bestseller, this comprehensive reference provides the fundamental information required to understand both the operation and proper application of all types of gas turbines. The completely updated second edition adds a new section on use of inlet cooling for power augmentation and NOx control. It explores the full spectrum of gas turbines hardware, typical application scenarios, and operating parameters, controls, inlet treatments, inspection, trouble-shooting, and more. The author discusses strategies that can help readers avoid problems before they occur and provides tips that enable diagnosis of problems in their early stages and analysis of failures to prevent their recurrence.
Wind-driven Fire Spread to a Structure from Firewood Piles
A series of field experiments was conducted to examine the effects on fire spread toward a structure for firewood piles under conditions that may be encountered in a wildland-urban interface (WUI) fire. The fire behavior of a variety of firewood types in multiple configurations was studied under various wind conditions. The 62 experiments conducted included long range firebrand travel and mitigation experiments. Wood types included kiln-dried oak, maple, pine, and undried oak. Configuration variations included woodpile height, orientation, and elevation on a rack. A wind machine provided a mean wind speed between 6 m/s and 14 m/s (13 mi/h to 31 mi/h). The woodpiles were ignited by a propane ...
Study of Technology for Detecting Pre-ignition Conditions of Cooking-related Fires Associated with Electric and Gas Ranges and Cooktops
Numerous temperatures in the near surroundings as well as local plume velocity and laser attenuation measurements were recorded. A Fourier transform infrared, FTIR, spectrometer was used to observe significant species production above the food. Results of these experiments are presented and evaluated. The second part of this study was a literature and patent search of technologies with the capability to act as either the sensor in a pre-fire detection device, or as the automatic control that would respond to a detector warning signal by shutting off the gas or electricity supply. A broad range of potential detection technologies were reviewed because the pre-fire signatures had not yet been identified. A bibliography and comments on the applicability of different technologies are included.
Fisheries Review
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