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Annual Review of Constitution-Building: 2018
International IDEA’s Annual Review of Constitution-Building provides a retrospective account of constitutional transitions, the issues that drive them and their implications for national and international politics. This sixth edition covers events in 2018 and includes articles on constitutional events in several regions of the world where International IDEA is active. These are loosely themed around the challenges of cooperation and coordination in constitutional politics—between majorities and minorities (in Burundi and Comoros, in Bolivia and Colombia, and in the Commonwealth Caribbean), between coalition partners in constitutional change processes (in Malaysia, the Maldives and Sri Lanka) and between external actors (in Libya, South Sudan and Yemen). Writing at the mid-way point between the instant reactions of the blogosphere and academic analyses that follow several years later, the authors provide accounts of ongoing political transitions, the major constitutional issues they give rise to and the implications of these processes for democracy, the rule of law and peace.
Emergency Law Responses to Covid-19 and the Impact on Peace and Transition Processes
The World Health Organization declared the outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic on 11 March 2020. This global health crisis demanded a quick, decisive and efficient response by governments to protect lives, curb the spread of the virus and prevent public health systems from being overwhelmed. This report explores the way governments undergoing transitions to peace and democracy have triggered emergency legal frameworks to disable some ordinary (democratic) procedures and set aside standard political and legal accountability mechanisms as part of their Covid-19 response. It also provides information about where elections have been postponed or cancelled, and central governments have assumed enhanced responsibilities, which have often included powers otherwise designated to local or regional governments. While the impacts of both the pandemic and the responses to the contagion have been felt globally, they often have quite different consequences in countries attempting peace and democratic transition processes.
Indigenous Peoples’ Rights in Constitutions Assessment Tool
The Indigenous Peoples’ Rights in Constitutions Assessment Tool helps users to analyse a constitution from the perspective of indigenous peoples’ rights. Using a series of questions, short explanations and example provisions from constitutions around the world, the Assessment Tool guides its users through the text of a constitution and allows for systematic analysis of the language and provisions of a constitutional text to assess how robustly indigenous peoples’ rights are reflected in it. A constitution articulates a vision that reflects a state’s values and history, as well as its aspirational objectives for the future. As the supreme law of a state, the constitution defines its structure and institutions, distributes political power, and recognizes and protects fundamental rights, critically determining the relationship between citizens and governments. Embedding in a constitution recognition of and rights-based protections for specific groups, such as indigenous peoples, can give these groups and their rights enhanced protection. This can be furthered by providing for specialized institutions and processes to deepen the realization of those rights in practice.
Annual Review of Constitution-Building: 2019
International IDEA’s Annual Review of Constitution-Building provides a retrospective account of constitutional transitions around the world, the issues that drive them, and their implications for national and international politics. This seventh edition covers events in 2019. Because this year marks the end of a decade, the first chapter summarizes a series of discussions International IDEA held with international experts and scholars throughout the year on the evolution of constitution-building over the past 10 years. The edition also includes chapters on challenges with sustaining constitutional pacts in Guinea and Zimbabwe; public participation in constitutional reform processes in The ...
Constitutional Approaches to Decentralization: Elements, Challenges and Implications: Fourth Women Constitution-Makers’ Dialogue, 2022
Whether decentralization, and particularly devolution and federalism, is advantageous or disadvantageous for women is a long-debated issue. The effectiveness of decentralization in promoting gender equality depends on how the system is designed, the quality of implementation planning and the adequacy of resources. Decentralization processes, nevertheless, are particularly fertile ground for enhanced and systematic women’s engagement, with numerous avenues for mobilization and advocacy throughout the long period of interpretation, implementation and enforcement, which can be harnessed by women to shape what decentralization will look like in practical terms. The Fourth Women Constitution-Makers’ Dialogue focused on decentralization from a technical and empirical perspective to support women constitution-makers engaged in constitution-building processes and constitutional implementation through knowledge transfer and comparative experience sharing.
The Lybarger Descendants
The immigrant ancestor, Nicholas Leyberger, was born ca. 1707 in Germany. He married 1727 in Brenschelbach Maria Catharina. He died in Frederick Co., Maryland. He had three sons. Two sons were born in Germany and settled in Bedford Co., Pennsylvania and the youngest son was born in Conewago, York Co., Pa. and he also settled in Bedford County. Descendants live in Pennsylvania, Indiana, Ohio, Kansas, Illinois, Minnesota, Michigan, Missouri, Colorado, Oregon, Oklahoma, Washington and elsewhere.
Ain't Misbehavin'
One of America's foremost applied animal behaviorists offers a humane, effective approach to pet behavior modification. Includes Dr. Wright's 11 steps to a well-behaved pet, how to read a pet's body language, sections devoted to dogs' and cats' life cycles; the latest breakthroughs in animal behavior studies, and more. Illustrations.
Practical Considerations for Public Participation in Constitution-Building What, When, How and Why?
Public participation has become a core element of modern constitution-building. Robust participation is credited with a range of benefits—from improving individual behaviours and attitudes to democracy to shaping elite bargaining dynamics, improving constitutional content, and strengthening outcomes for democracy and peace. Yet it is not well understood whether and how public participation can achieve these ends. Much of what we think we know about participatory constitution-building remains theoretical. No two processes are alike, and there is no agreed definition of what constitutes a ‘participatory process’. Yet national decision-makers must contend with the key question: What does a robust participation process look like for a particular country, at a particular time, in a particular context? What considerations and principles can be derived from comparative experience to guide decisions? This Policy Paper unpacks the forms and functions of public participation across different stages of the constitution-building process and considers the ways in which public engagement can influence the dynamics of the process, including political negotiations.
