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Neurobiology, Diagnosis and Treatment in Autism
Autism is an extremely complex neurodevelopmental disorder that is expressed in a spectrum of phenotypes and is characterised by impaired reciprocal social communication and stereotyped patterns of interests and activities. Its aetiopathogenesis remains poorly understood. This exhaustive synthesis discusses various aspects: A focus on the neurobiology of autism: the candidate genes implicate an involvement of numerous brain regions and a concomitant malfunctioning of neurotransmitter, immunologic, and other mechanisms; The most incisive rehabilitation models in their original formulation and the results achieved with the same or similar protocols in Italian centres (understanding, language therapy, social skill training; The psychopharmacologic options for the condition of autism per se and for its associated, very frequent, comorbidities. It suggests a potential influence on professional practice and enables an up-to-date approach to effective diagnosis and treatment.
Neurology of the Infant
Recent advances in the field of developmental neuroscience have been quite exciting, especially as they pertain to infants and children, in whom neurologic development proceeds more rapidly than at any other time of life So much has now been learned of normal neurologic development, which in tun informs the more pressing work of understanding how these normal functions become disordered by genetic, physical. or neurochemical mishaps. The information thus gained can, it is hoped, provide clinicians with the means to improve both their diagnostic and therapeutic tools and, more importantly, to use this understanding in the service of preventing or mitigating the effects of these childhood neurologic disorders. The physiologic and pathologic signs of neurologic diseases are better understood in the light of the current gains made in the fields of paediatric neurophysiology, neurochemistry, neuroimaging and genetics. This progress in knowledge can assuredly help the clinician to recognise the nature of the disorder and to plan the most appropriate and effective measures to improve the quality of the affected child's life.
Gene Expression to Neurobiology and Behaviour
How does the genome, interacting with the multi-faceted environment, translate into the development by which the human brain achieves its astonishing, adaptive array of cognitive and behavioral capacities? Why and how does this process sometimes lead to neurodevelopmental disorders with a major, lifelong personal and social impact? This volume of Progress in Brain Research links findings on the structural development of the human brain, the expression of genes in behavioral and cognitive phenotypes, environmental effects on brain development, and developmental processes in perception, action, attention, cognitive control, social cognition, and language, in an attempt to answer these questions. Leading authors review the state-of-the-art in their field of investigation and provide their views and perspectives for future research Chapters are extensively referenced to provide readers with a comprehensive list of resources on the topics covered All chapters include comprehensive background information and are written in a clear form that is also accessible to the non-specialist
Paediatric Neurological Disorders with Cerebellar Involvement
This book provides an update on pediatric neurological disorders with cerebellar involvement. The opening section of the volume is dedicated to the structure and function of cerebellum: the specific development of the cerebellum, unlike other structures of the central nervous system, begins at a later stage of foetal development and lasts longer, even after birth, thus making the cerebellum particularly vulnerable to a wide range of insults, both genetic and acquired. Of particular interest are chapters that focus on cerebellar disorders, which may occur in isolation, or else as part of more complex malformations of the posterior fossa or in association with other supratentorial anomalies. S...
Child Neuropsychology
Based on the most up-to-date research, Child Neuropsychology is a thorough and accessible guide to the key concepts and basic processes central to neuropsychological assessment and child evaluation. Essays by leading experts in the field cover basic neuropsychological functions and related disorders in the context of brain development. Divided into three parts, the text begins with clear definitions of the concepts and methodology of brain development in child neuropsychology. Part two examines normal and abnormal functional development. The final part considers professional practice and provides valuable insights into the special problems of neuropsychological assessment of infants and children in clinical and educational settings.
From Action to Cognition
Extensive neurophysiological and neuropsychological evidence show that perception, action, and cognition are closely related in the brain and develop in parallel to one another. Thus, perception, cognition, and social functioning are all anchored in the actions of the child. Actions reflect the motives, the problems to be solved, and the constraints and possibilities of the child's body and sensory-motor system. The developing brain accumulates experiences, which it translates into knowledge used in planning future actions. Such knowledge is available because events are governed by rules and regulations. The present volume discusses all these aspects of how action and cognition are related in development.
Visual Impairment in Children due to Damage to the Brain
Clinics in Developmental Medicine No.186 The increased awareness of cerebral visual impairment in children, combined with improved recognition of its wide ranging manifestations, has led to its recognition as the most common cause of visual impairment in children in the developed world. Yet the subject is in its infancy, with very little published to date. Information on this complex topic has been needed by all disciplines working with disabled children for many years. This ambitious book links the work of authors from many of the major research teams in this field, who have made significant contributions to the literature on the subject of cerebral visual impairment and provide a structured amalgam of the viewpoints of different specialists. The book contains some very novel concepts, which will be of great practical value to those who care for children with visual impairment due to brain injury. Summaries of the more specialist chapters as well as clear diagrams and a glossary have been provided to increase the book’s accessibility to a broader readership. This is an exciting and important field, to which this book makes a major contribution.
