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Fuzzy Neutrosophic Soft HX Subring
In this paper, we define the notion of fuzzy nutrosophic soft HX subring of a HX ring and some of their related properties investigated. We define the intersection, cartesian product of an fuzzy neutrosophic soft subset of an fuzzy nutrosophic soft HX ring and we show some results.
Al-Anbar Awakening
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Hybrid Actors
Influential armed groups continue to confound policymakers, diplomats, and analysts decades after their transformational arrival on the scene in the Middle East and North Africa. The most effective of these militias can most usefully be understood as hybrid actors, which simultaneously work through, with, and against the state. This joint report from The Century Foundation identifies the factors that make some hybrid actors persistent and successful, as measured by longevity, influence, and ability to project power militarily as well as politically. It finds that three factors correlate most closely with impact: constituent loyalty, resilient state relationships, and coherent ideology. The authors of this report examined cases in Lebanon, Syria, and Iraq, drawing on years of fieldwork, to distinguish hybrid actors, classic nonstate proxies, and aspirants to statehood--all of which merit different analytical and policy treatment. The report demonstrates the ways that groups can shift along a spectrum as they adapt to changing conditions.
Major Companies of the Arab World 1993/94
This book represents the seventeenth edition of the leading IMPORTANT reference work MAJOR COMPANIES OF THE ARAB WORLD. All company entries have been entered in MAJOR COMPANIES OF THE ARAB WORLD absolutely free of ThiS volume has been completely updated compared to last charge, thus ensuring a totally objective approach to the year's edition. Many new companies have also been included information given. this year. Whilst the publishers have made every effort to ensure that the information in this book was correct at the time of press, no The publishers remain confident that MAJOR COMPANIES responsibility or liability can be accepted for any errors or OF THE ARAB WORLD contains more informati...
Shi'ite Lebanon
Annotation By providing a new framework for understanding Shi'ite national politics in Lebanon, Roschanack Shaery-Eisenlohr recasts the relationship between religion and nationalism in the Middle East
Saddam Hussein's Ba'th Party
A unique and revealing portrait of Saddam Hussein's Iraq which was every bit as authoritarian and brutal as Stalin's Russia or Mao's China.
The Shifts in Hizbullah's Ideology
Analyses of the political and ideological transformation of Hizbullah.
State-Building in the Middle East and North Africa
Why have state-building projects across the MENA region proven to be so difficult for so long? Following the end of the Ottoman Empire in the early 1920s, the countries of the region began a violent and divisive process of state formation. But a century later, state-building remains inconclusive. This book traces the emergence and evolution of state-building across the MENA region and identifies the main factors that impeded its success: the slow end of the Ottoman Empire; the experience of colonialism; and the rise of nationalistic and religious movements. The authors reveal the ways in which the post-colonial state proved itself authoritarian and formed on the model of the colonial state. ...
Religious Minorities in the Middle East
Focusing on the situation of both Muslim and non-Muslim religious minorities in the Middle East, this volume offers an analysis of various strategies of resilience and accommodation from a historical as well a contemporary perspective.
Hizbullah's Identity Construction
"The important study [title] offers a revolutionary new perspective on the political phenomenon of Hizbullah whose evolution has frequently confounded scholars and politicians. Drawing on his unparalleled access to primary sources, Alagha has produced a unique work which traces all the shifts in Hizbullah's construction and reconstruction of its identity."--Publisher's site.
