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Andreas Bihlmaier describes a novel method to model dynamic spatial relations by machine learning techniques. The method is applied to the task of representing the tacit knowledge of a trained camera assistant in minimally-invasive surgery. The model is then used for intraoperative control of a robot that autonomously positions the endoscope. Furthermore, a modular robotics platform is described, which forms the basis for this knowledge-based assistance system. Promising results from a complex phantom study are presented.
Computer assisted surgery systems intraoperatively support the surgeon by providing information on the location of hidden risk and target structures during surgery. However, soft tissue deformations make intraoperative registration (and thus intraoperative navigation) difficult. In this work, a novel, biomechanics based approach for real-time soft tissue registration from sparse intraoperative sensor data such as stereo endoscopic images is presented to overcome this problem.
Publikace nabízí ucelený přehled aktuálních poznatků medicíny založené na důkazech. Prezentovány jsou různé aspekty problematiky karcinomu rekta – od historického přehledu přes etiopatogenezi a diagnostiku onemocnění, jednotlivé léčebné modality s důrazem na chirurgické techniky až po problematiku střevních stomií. Důraz je kladen na problematické oblasti léčebného managementu: postavení radioterapie v multimodální terapii karcinomu rekta, laparoskopickou a robotickou resekci rekta, transanální totální mezorektální excizi, funkční poruchy po nízké resekci rekta (LARS syndrom), moderní léčebné strategie typu „watch and wait“ nebo „liv...
The distinguished editorial board chooses topics that are most critical and clinically relevant to improving patient care. Invited experts write original, comprehensive articles, summarizing the vital changes and critical issues, and give both the practitioner and student fresh, thorough viewpoints on the topic's significance.
Cancer of the rectum continues to be a significant health problem in industrialized co- tries around the world. Relative 5-year survival rates in the USA for cancer of the rectum from 1995 to 2001 improved to 65%, a 15% improvement over 20 years (American Cancer Society, 2007). The reasons for this dramatic improvement include more accurate pr- perative staging, aggressive neoadjuvant therapy and improved surgical technique as well as specialty-trained surgeons. Despite advances in nonoperative techniques of radiation therapy, chemotherapy and immunotherapy, surgical extirpation continues to be the cornerstone of curative treatment of this potentially lethal disease. Radical cancer excision ...
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