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Light and Skin Interactions
Light and Skin Interactions immerses you in one of the most fascinating application areas of computer graphics: appearance simulation. The book first illuminates the fundamental biophysical processes that affect skin appearance, and reviews seminal related works aimed at applications in life and health sciences. It then examines four exemplary modeling approaches as well as definitive algorithms that can be used to generate realistic images depicting skin appearance. Despite its wide scope of simulation approaches, the book’s content is presented in a concise manner, focusing on relevant practical aspects. What’s more, these approaches can be successfully applied to a wide range of additional materials, such as eye tissue, hair, and water. Allows you to understand and predict the qualitative and quantitative behavior of complex natural systems A general background on tissue optics clarifies several confusing conceptual issues, saving you valuable time in the early stages of research Includes complete code and data sources for the BioSpec model
Light Interaction with Plants
This is the first book to provide current knowledge of biophysically-based models of light interaction with plants aiming at realistic image synthesis of plants. These models were developed using computer graphics techniques and biological data. The modeling approach involves the use of rendering algorithms, such as ray tracing and Monte Carlo Methods, to simulate light propagation within plant tissues. The same research methodology described in the book can be applied to other organic materials such as skin, hair and eye tissues. Since the processes of light interaction with plants are central in environmental studies, scientific applications also include projects towards ecology, agriculture, forestry and remote sensing. The authors describe these processes and how they determine plant appearance characteristics such as color, gloss and translucency. The authors discuss how computer models can be used to investigate plant interaction with the environment.
WSCG '2011
None
Global House Price Fluctuations
We examine the properties of house price fluctuations across 18 advanced economies over the past 40 years. We ask two specific questions: First, how synchronized are housing cycles across these countries? Second, what are the main shocks driving movements in global house prices? To address these questions, we first estimate the global components in house prices and various macroeconomic and financial variables. We then evaluate the roles played by a variety of global shocks, including shocks to interest rates, monetary policy, productivity, credit, and uncertainty, in explaining house price fluctuations using a wide range of FAVAR models. We find that house prices are synchronized across countries, and the degree of synchronization has increased over time. Global interest rate shocks tend to have a significant negative effect on global house prices whereas global monetary policy shocks per se do not appear to have a sizeable impact. Interestingly, uncertainty shocks seem to be important in explaining fluctuations in global house prices.
How Big (Small?) are Fiscal Multipliers?
We contribute to the intense debate on the real effects of fiscal stimuli by showing that the impact of government expenditure shocks depends crucially on key country characteristics, such as the level of development, exchange rate regime, openness to trade, and public indebtedness. Based on a novel quarterly dataset of government expenditure in 44 countries, we find that (i) the output effect of an increase in government consumption is larger in industrial than in developing countries, (ii) the fisscal multiplier is relatively large in economies operating under predetermined exchange rate but zero in economies operating under flexible exchange rates; (iii) fiscal multipliers in open economies are lower than in closed economies and (iv) fiscal multipliers in high-debt countries are also zero.
