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Hayek, Local Information, and Commanding Heights
Hayek (1945) argues that local information is key to understanding the efficiency of alternative economic systems and whether production should be centralized or decentralized. The Chinese experience of decentralizing SOEs confirms this insight: when the distance to the government is farther, the SOE is more likely to be decentralized, and this distance-decentralization link is more pronounced with higher communication costs and greater firm-performance heterogeneity. However, when the Chinese central government oversees SOEs in strategic industries, the distance-decentralization link is muted. We also consider alternative agency-cost-based explanations, and do not find much support.
The Role of Intergovernmental Fiscal Transfers in Improving Education Outcomes
The majority of the world’s children live in countries where local governments are responsible for the provision of basic education services. Although subnational governments manage their own education systems, they often rely on transfers from the central government for funding. The main purpose of this study is to assess how these fiscal transfers affect public funding for education and how they ultimately affect student schooling and learning outcomes. Through a careful analysis of how fiscal transfers have affected education systems in different contexts, the investigation develops a set of principles to support improvements in the design and implementation of transfer systems with a s...
Hayek, Local Information, and the Decentralization of State-Owned Enterprises in China
\Hayek argues that local knowledge is a key for understanding whether production should be decentralized. This paper tests Hayek's predictions by examining the causes of the Chinese government's decision to decentralize state-owned enterprises. Since the government located closer to a state-owned enterprise has more information over that enterprise, a greater distance between the government and the enterprise should lead to a higher likelihood of decentralization. Moreover, where communication costs and the government's uncertainty over an enterprise's performance are greater, the government is more likely to decentralize enterprises so that it can better utilize local information. This paper finds empirical support for these implications.
The Violence of Liberation
"The Violence of Liberation is an innovative and timely evaluation of Tibetan religious revival and changing gender ideals and practices in post-Mao China-one of the first ethnographies based on extensive in a Tibetan community in China since its re-opening in the 1980s. Makley has provided a powerful and nuanced reading of gendered Tibetan and Chinese cultural orders."--Charles F. McKhann, Director of Asian Studies, Whitman College "Charlene Makely has produced an excellent, beautifully written book on the incorporation of a Tibetan area into the Chinese nation, and the gendered aspects of this process. The work sets a standard for future work in terms of the breadth and depth of its research."--Beth Notar, author of Displacing Desire: Travel and Popular Culture in China
The Chinese Lifestyle
The research presented in this book explores the formation of the middle class in contemporary urban China. Including case studies on middle-class professionals living in Beijing, this book analyses how social and economic changes to Chinese society create a middle-class lifestyle and new forms of distinction with a particular focus on the social construction of identity. Looking through the lens of individuals’ perception of life trajectories and ideological taxonomies generated within the framework of post-Maoist China, the book uncovers the role that the Chinese middle-class play in a state-sponsored discourse and where the distinctions identifying the middle-class lifestyle produce ine...
Urban China
In the last 30 years, China’s record economic growth lifted half a billion people out of poverty, with rapid urbanization providing abundant labor, cheap land, and good infrastructure. While China has avoided some of the common ills of urbanization, strains are showing as inefficient land development leads to urban sprawl and ghost towns, pollution threatens people’s health, and farmland and water resources are becoming scarce. With China’s urban population projected to rise to about one billion – or close to 70 percent of the country’s population – by 2030, China’s leaders are seeking a more coordinated urbanization process. Urban China is a joint research report by a team fro...
The Chinese Alligator
Illustrated throughout and featuring the most up-to-date biological information available, this volume is a complete overview of the Chinese alligator, a conservation and cultural icon.
Contract Teachers and Student Achievement in Rural China
For schooling to play an important role in the development of human capital, the system of education needs to provide quality education, which among other things requires high-quality teachers. Facing fiscal constraints and growing enrolments, school systems in developing countries often supplement their teaching staff by hiring contract teachers. However, there is limited evidence on how the effectiveness of these teachers compares to that of civil service teachers. We use a dataset from rural primary schools in western China to estimate the causal effect of contract teachers on student achievement and find that gains in student scores on standardised examinations in mathematics and Chinese...
