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Action, Decision-Making and Forms of Life
The book is exceptional because it applies the notion of foms of life to the context of human action. It provides answers to the following questions: Why do we act in a specific way? Why do we make particular decisions? Does one's form of life and language games determine our actions and decisions? Wittgenstein proposes a holistic method which enables us to give coherent answers to these questions. To answer the question of the contents of actions and decisions we have to explain how we have institutionalized these actions or decisions. To this aim we shall reveal the frame within which language games are introduced and have come to function as practice and custom. The scheme of order underlying the language games is illustrated. Human actions and decisions follow particular rules. By highlighting the underlying scheme of order we may gain a perspicuous view of these rules. The aim of this book is to show that actions and decisions generate rational choice. This choice is explained by demonstrating the particular functions of the language games involved.
Epistemic Explanations
Epistemic Explanations develops an improved virtue epistemology and uses it to explain several epistemic phenomena. Part I lays out a telic virtue epistemology that accommodates varieties of knowledge and understanding particularly pertinent to the humanities. Part II develops an epistemology of suspension of judgment, by relating it to degrees of confidence and to inquiry. Part III develops a substantially improved telic virtue epistemology by appeal to default assumptions important in domains of human performance generally, and in our intellectual lives as a special case. This reconfigures earlier virtue epistemology, which now seems a first approximation. This part also introduces a metaphysical hierarchy of epistemic categories and defends in particular a category of secure knowledge.
Cognitive Vulnerability
Vulnerability has become part of our everyday vocabulary. We are used to hearing that we ought to act so as to protect the highly vulnerable; the qualifier suggests that we are all vulnerable. In addition to being of contemporary relevance, the notion of vulnerability has also been at the heart of philosophical reflection since the birth of the discipline, playing a vital role across many different traditions. Its prevalence is unsurprising. Vulnerability, which partially defines us as human beings, has appeared in many guises: mortality, finitude, sin, ignorance, etc. However, no attempt has yet been made to fully apply the notion of vulnerability to the domains of epistemology and the philosophy of science, to relate it to our general human vulnerability, and to explore the wide range of consequences that derive from it. The contributors of this book fill this gap; they present new approaches to classical problems. They highlight different aspects of our cognitive vulnerability, from issues related to the realism/antirealism debate to reflections on epistemic success and trust.
Judgment and Agency
Ernest Sosa extends his distinctive approach to epistemology, intertwining issues concerning the role of the will in judgment and belief with issues of epistemic evaluation. While noting that human knowledge trades on distinctive psychological capacities, Sosa also emphasises the role of the social in human knowledge.
Wittgenstein's Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus
Published just over a century ago, Wittgenstein's Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus is the only book-length work to have been published during his lifetime and it continues to generate interest and scholarly debate. It is structured as a series of propositions on metaphysics, language, the nature of philosophy, and the distinction between what can be said and what can be shown. This volume brings together eleven new essays on the Tractatus covering a wide variety of topics, from the central Tractarian doctrines concerning representation, the structure of the world and the nature of logic, to less prominent issues including ethics, natural science, mathematics and the self. Individual essays advance specific exegetical debates in important ways, and taken as a whole they offer an excellent showcase of contemporary ideas on how to read the Tractatus and its relevance to contemporary thought.
Ernesto Sosa: Conocimiento y virtud
No hay duda de que a Ernest Sosa le es atribuible tanto la prominencia de la epistemología dentro de la filosofía contemporánea como la orientación que esta disciplina ha tomado durante las últimas décadas. Sosa ha dejado una impronta indeleble en varias generaciones de epistemólogos, demarcando las líneas de discusión y ofreciendo una teoría del conocimiento comprehensiva y unitaria. El presente volumen tiene como objeto contribuir desde distintos ángulos a la discusión y aplicación de la teoría de virtudes de Sosa. Y hacerlo de la mano de amigos y colegas del ámbito español e iberoamericano que con sus trabajos le expresan su profundo agradecimiento.
Con pleno conocimiento
En 'Con pleno conocimiento', Ernest Sosa desarrolla su versión más madura de epistemología de virtudes, una versión que, distanciándose de las teorías de la mera aptitud, propone una concepción de la normatividad epistémica y de la naturaleza del conocimiento humano en la que se priorizan las nociones de meta-aptitud y de conocimiento reflexivo. Se trata de una obra imprescindible de la epistemología contemporánea.
El cincuentenario de los Pactos Internacionales de Derechos Humanos de la ONU
El libro "El cincuentenario de los Pactos Internacionales de Derechos Humanos de la ONU. Homenaje a la Profesora Mª. Esther Martínez Quinteiro", responde a la publicación de las actas del Congreso de carácter internacional, del mismo nombre, que tuvo lugar entre el 4 y el 7 octubre de 2016 y fue organizado en el marco de las actividades del Departamento de Historia Medieval, Moderna y Contemporánea de la Universidad de Salamanca, con la colaboración especial del Vicerrectorado de Investigación, la Facultad de Derecho y el Centro de Estudios Brasileños de dicha Universidad. Era y es nuestra pretensión tributar un merecido homenaje a la trayectoria profesional de la Profesora Martíne...
Epistemic Angst
Epistemic Angst offers a completely new solution to the ancient philosophical problem of radical skepticism—the challenge of explaining how it is possible to have knowledge of a world external to us. Duncan Pritchard argues that the key to resolving this puzzle is to realize that it is composed of two logically distinct problems, each requiring its own solution. He then puts forward solutions to both problems. To that end, he offers a new reading of Wittgenstein's account of the structure of rational evaluation and demonstrates how this provides an elegant solution to one aspect of the skeptical problem. Pritchard also revisits the epistemological disjunctivist proposal that he developed in previous work and shows how it can effectively handle the other aspect of the problem. Finally, he argues that these two antiskeptical positions, while superficially in tension with each other, are not only compatible but also mutually supporting. The result is a comprehensive and distinctive resolution to the problem of radical skepticism, one that challenges many assumptions in contemporary epistemology.
WITTGENSTEIN
Há 100 anos, em um pequeno texto de aproximadamente 80 páginas, Wittgenstein apresentava toda a problemática de sua filosofia, tecendo comentários sobre a natureza do mundo, da lógica, da matemática e da essência da linguagem, além de algumas considerações a respeito da natureza da filosofia, da filosofia da ciência, da ética, da religião e do místico. O que chama atenção nesta obra, para além das questões fundamentais, é o estilo de escrita utilizado por ele. Ainda que considerada exótica para os padrões exigentes da época, ela constitui um dos poucos destaques da prosa filosófica alemã. Sua forma de escrever corresponde a sua visão de mundo, às exigências de clar...
