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Controlling the properties of materials by modifying their composition and by manipulating the arrangement of atoms and molecules is a dream that can be achieved by nanotechnology. As one of the fastest developing and innovative -- as well as well-funded -- fields in science, nanotechnology has already significantly changed the research landscape in chemistry, materials science, and physics, with numerous applications in consumer products, such as sunscreens and water-repellent clothes. It is also thanks to this multidisciplinary field that flat panel displays, highly efficient solar cells, and new biological imaging techniques have become reality. This second, enlarged edition has been full...
Two exciting worlds of science and technology - the nano and micro dimensions. The former is a booming new field of research, the latter the established size range for electronics, and for mutual technological benefit and future commercialization, suitable junctions need to be found. Functional nanostructures such as DNA computers, sensors, neural interfaces, nanooptics or molecular electronics need to be wired to their 'bigger' surroundings. Coming from the opposite direction, microelectronics have experienced an unprecedented miniaturization drive in the last decade, pushing ever further down through the micro size scale towards submicron circuitry. Bringing these two worlds together is a new interdisciplinary challenge for scientists and engineers alike - recognized and substantially funded by the European Commission and other major project initiators worldwide. This book offers a wide range of information from technologies to materials and devices as well as from research to administrative know-how collected by the editors from renowned key members of the nano/micro community.
This book has been prepared under the auspice of the European Low Gravity Research Association (ELGRA). The main task of ELGRA is to foster the scientific community in Europe and beyond in conducting gravity and space-related research.This publication is dedicated to the science community, and especially to the next generation of scientists and engineers interested in space research and in the means to use Earth to reproduce the space environment. ELGRA provides a comprehensive description of space conditions and the means that have been developed on Earth to perform space environmental and (micro-) gravity related research. .The book covers ground-based research instruments and environments...
Timely information on scientific and engineering developments occurring in laboratories around the world provides critical input to maintaining the economic and technological strength of the United States. Moreover, sharing this information quickly with other countries can greatly enhance the productivity of scientists and engineers. These are some of the reasons why the National Science Foundation (NSF) has been involved in funding science and technology assessments comparing the United States and foreign countries since the early 1980s. A substantial number of these studies have been conducted by the World Technology Evaluation Center (WTEC) managed by Loyola College through a cooperative ...
Nanomaterials have supported humankind’s advancement, becoming one of the most important industry sectors, and are expected to rise to the top by 2030. However, significant challenges must be overcome, such as the performance and efficiency of the material under different environmental conditions. This book seeks to promote a critical view on using nanomaterials under extreme conditions found in our body, planet, and outer space. Therefore, nanomaterials are covered from multiple points of view, allowing the reader to get an enriching presentation of current knowledge on nanomaterials, limitations, advancements, and applications under extreme conditions.
Innovations in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology summarizes the state of the art in nano-sized materials. The authors focus on innovation aspects and highlight potentials for future developments and applications in health care, including pharmaceutics, dentistry, and cosmetics; information and communications; energy; and chemical engineering. The chapters are written by leading researchers in nanoscience, chemistry, pharmacy, biology, chemistry, physics, engineering, medicine, and social science. The authors come from a range of backgrounds including academia, industry, and national and international laboratories around the world. This book is ideally suited for researchers and students in chemistry, physics, biology, engineering, materials science, and medicine and is a useful guide for industrialists. It aims to provide inspiration for scientists, new ideas for developers and innovators in industry, and guidelines for toxicologists. It also provides guidelines for agencies and government authorities to establish safe working conditions.
Dieses Referenzwerk in drei handlichen Bänden bietet einen detaillierten Überblick über Anwendungen der Nanotechnologie im Bereich Nachhaltigkeit in der Energieversorgung. Der erste Band dieses klar strukturierten Nachschlagewerks behandelt nach der Einleitung die Themen Energieerzeugung, erneuerbare Energien, Energiespeicherung, Energieverteilung sowie Energieumwandlung und Energy-Harvesting. Im zweiten Band werden auf Nanotechnologie basierte Materialen, Energieeinsparung und -management, technologische und urheberrechtlich relevante Fragen, Märkte und Umweltsanierung erörtert. Der dritte Band wirft einen Blick in die Zukunft, auf technologische Fortschritte und gibt Empfehlungen. Ein wichtiges Handbuch für alle Experten auf diesem Gebiet, von Forschern und Ingenieuren im wissenschaftlichen Bereich bis hin zu Entwicklern in der Industrie.
This book presents experimental work conducted on the International Space Station (ISS) in order to characterize metals and alloys in the liquid state. The internationally recognized authors present and discuss experiments performed in microgravity that enabled the study of the relevant volume and surface related properties free of the restrictions of a gravity-based environment. The collection serves also as a handbook of space experiments using electromagnetic levitation techniques. A summary of recent results provides an overview of the wealth of space experiment data, which will ignite further research activities and inspire academics and industrial research departments for their continuous development.
This book reports on advanced biomaterials such as bioceramics, hydrogels, biopolymers, nanomaterials, membranes, and other compatible materials for medical applications. It introduces materials as bioactive coatings that utilize or mimic natural mechanisms and structures important for tissue and organ healing and repair. One section of the book is devoted to bone substitutes and osteogenic biomaterials. It also describes biomaterial-cell-tissue interactions, which are of critical importance for various applications in regenerative medicine, orthopedics, and implant functions. The chapters present fabrication methods and testing of various materials for medical applications. Special emphasis is given to natural patterns, theoretical models, and new insights into material characterization, particularly on fractal natural boundaries and mimicry designs taken from nature and implemented in photonics science and engineering. This multidisciplinary book is written by leading researchers and experts in their fields, and serves researchers, students, physicians, and engineers.
This volume discusses: (1) the treatment of hazardous sludge, wastewater, textile effluent, contaminated groundwater, laboratory waste, toxic dye, heavy metals, acid mine drainage and palm oil effluent; (2) the technologies of stabilization, solidification, natural coagulation-flocculation, river catchment control and mitigation, dredging and mining operations, and (3) the management of acid mines, laboratories, nano pollutants and plant effluents.