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Literature and Cognition
Cognitive science, with its guiding metaphor of the mind as a computer, has made substantial progress towards an understanding of how people comprehend and produce discourse. The essays in this book apply these insights to problems in the interpretation of literature. The first two chapters present the outline of a cognitive theory of discourse and use it to shed light on some classic issues in literary theory, including the roles of the author's intention and the reader's brief systems in the meaning of a literary work. The next three chapters are more technical investigations of discourse interpretation, metaphor, and discourse coherence. The framework developed is then used in the examination of two literary works, a sonnet by Milton and the novella Sylvie by Gérard de Nerval.
Situation Theory and Its Applications: Volume 1
Situation Theory grew out of attempts by Jon Barwise in the late 1970s to provide a semantics for 'naked-infinitive' perceptual reports such as 'Claire saw Jon run'. Barwise's intuition was that Claire didn't just see Jon, an individual, but Jon doing something, a situation. Situations are individuals having properties and standing in relations. A theory of situations would allow us to study and compare various types of situations or situation-like entitles, such as facts, events, and scenes. One of the central themes of situation theory of meaning and reference should be set within a general theory of information, one moreover that is rich enough to do justice to perception, communication, and thought. By now many people have contributed by the need to give a rigorous mathematical account of the principles of information that underwrite the theory.
Progress in Artificial Intelligence
This volume presents the proceedings of the 6th Portuguese Conference on Artificial Intelligence, EPIA '93, organized by the Portuguese Artificial Intelligence Association. Like the last two conferences in this series, it was run as an international event with strict requirements as to the quality of accepted submissions. Fifty-one submissions were receivedfrom 9 countries, the largest numbers coming from Portugal (18), Germany (10), and France (8). The volume contains 25 selected papers, together with 7 poster abstracts and one invited lecture: "Organizations as complex, dynamic design problems" by L. Gasser, I. Hulthage, B. Leverich, J. Lieb, and A. Majchrzak, all from the University of Southern California. The papersare grouped into parts on: distributed artificial intelligence, natural language processing, knowledge representation, logic programming, non-standard logics, automated reasoning, constraints, planning, and learning.
The Linguistics of Punctuation
Geoffrey Nunberg challenges a widespread assumption that the linguistic structure of written languages is qualitatively identical to that of spoken language: It should no longer be necessary to defend the view that written language is truly language, but it is surprising to learn of written-language category indicators that are realized by punctuation marks and other figural devices.' He shows that traditional approaches to these devices tend to describe the features of written language exclusively by analogy to those of spoken language, with the result that punctuation has been regarded as an unsystematic and deficient means for presenting spoken-language intonation. Analysed in its own ter...
A Computational Theory of Writing Systems
This book develops a formal computational theory of writing systems. It offers specific proposals about the linguistic objects that are represented by orthographic elements; what levels of linguistic representation are involved and how they may differ across writing systems; and what formal constraints hold of the mapping relation between linguistic and orthographic elements. Based on the insights gained, Sproat then proposes a taxonomy of writing systems. The treatment of theoretical linguistic issues and their computational implementation is complemented with discussion of empirical psycholinguistic work on reading and its relevance for the computational model developed here. Throughout, the model is illustrated with a number of detailed case studies of writing systems around the world. This book will be of interest to students and researchers in a variety of fields, including theoretical and computational linguistics, the psycholinguistics of reading and writing, and speech technology.
Linguistic Evidence
The renaissance of corpus linguistics and promising developments in experimental linguistic techniques in recent years have led to a remarkable revival of interest in issues of the empirical base of linguistic theory in general, and the status of different kinds of linguistic evidence in particular. Consensus is growing (a) that even so-called primary data (from introspection as well as authentic language production) are inherently complex performance data only indirectly reflecting the subject of linguistic theory, (b) that for an appropriate foundation of linguistic theories evidence from different sources such as introspective data, corpus data, data from (psycho-)linguistic experiments, ...
Natural Language Parsing and Linguistic Theories
presupposition fails, we now give a short introduction into Unification Grammar. Since all implementations discussed in this volume use PROLOG (with the exception of BlockjHaugeneder), we felt that it would also be useful to explain the difference between unification in PROLOG and in UG. After the introduction to UG we briefly summarize the main arguments for using linguistic theories in natural language processing. We conclude with a short summary of the contributions to this volume. UNIFICATION GRAMMAR 3 Feature Structures or Complex Categories. Unification Grammar was developed by Martin Kay (Kay 1979). Martin Kay wanted to give a precise defmition (and implementation) of the notion of 'f...
Syntax - Theory and Analysis. Volume 3
This Handbook represents the development of research and the current level of knowledge in the fields of syntactic theory and syntax analysis. Syntax can look back to a long tradition. Especially in the last 50 years, however, the interaction between syntactic theory and syntactic analysis has led to a rapid increase in analyses and theoretical suggestions. This second edition of the Handbook on Syntax adopts a unifying perspective and therefore does not place the division of syntactic theory into several schools to the fore, but the increase in knowledge resulting from the fruitful argumentations between syntactic analysis and syntactic theory. It uses selected phenomena of individual langu...
Proceedings of the Paralinguistic Information and its Integration in Spoken Dialogue Systems Workshop
This volume includes proceedings articles presented at the Workshop on Paralinguistic Information and its Integration in Spoken Dialogue Systems held in Granada, Spain. The material focuses on the three broad areas of spoken dialogue systems for robotics, emotions and spoken dialogue systems, and Spoken dialogue systems for real-world applications The workshop proceedings are part of the 3rd Annual International Workshop on Spoken Dialogue Systems, which brings together researchers from all over the world working in the field of spoken dialogue systems. It provides an international forum for the presentation of research and applications, and for lively discussions among researchers as well as industrialists.
Grammatical Inference: Algorithms and Applications
This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 7th International Colloquium on Grammatical Inference, ICGI 2004, held in Athens, Greece in October 2004. The 20 revised full papers and 8 revised poster papers presented together with 3 invited contributions were carefully reviewed and selected from 45 submissions. The topics of the papers presented range from theoretical results of learning algorithms to innovative applications of grammatical inference and from learning several interesting classes of formal grammars to estimations of probabilistic grammars.
