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Economic Approaches to Environmental Problems
Fundamental Aspects of Pollution Control and Environmental Science, 3: Economic Approaches to Environmental Problems: Techniques and Results of Empirical Analysis focuses on the application of economic approaches in the management and control of environmental problems. The book first offers information on the relationship of economics and the environment and environmental pollution and external effects. Discussions focus on concepts of the environment, environmental services, need for assessment methods, health effects of air pollution, and annoyance and other health effects due to aircraft noise. The text also examines the homogeneous pollution approach and monetary damage functions. The publication takes a look at project evaluation and environmental deterioration and general-equilibrium assessment models. Topics include linear programming models, aggregation of flows of costs and benefits through time, projects, effects, and aggregation, and illustrations of cost benefit. The selection is a dependable reference for readers interested in the economic approaches to environmental problems.
Recycling, International Trade and the Environment
During the last century international trade has become indispensable for many economies. This is not only the case for trade in primary raw materials and consumer products but also for secondary (recyclable) materials. With the rapid growth of the recycling sector worldwide, trade in recyclables increased tremendously. It is striking that most of this trade flows from developed to developing countries. This book addresses the main causes of this typical trade pattern and investigates its economic and environmental effects by carrying out case studies on waste paper imports in India, waste plastics imports in China, and used-tyre trade in Europe. The book concludes by recommending policies that are aimed at preventing negative economic and environmental effects potentially resulting from trade in recyclables. The book offers new ideas to researchers who are involved in international trade, material flows, and waste management, and provides new insights for decision-makers who are interested in WTO and the Basel Convention.
Climate Change Research
Climate change is more and more considered to be a major global environmental risk. The above mentioned conference was the concluding part of a new programme organized in The Netherlands with a view to stimulating participation of Dutch scientists in the international research effort concerning the problem of climate change. The proceedings of the Maastricht Conference on Climate Change Research cover a wide range of subjects including: * key note papers of internationally leading scientists on relevant aspects of the climate problem * assessments of NRP-research on the climate system, the causes of potential change in the system, the possible effects and consequences of climate change, and alternative responses (including technological and/or social) that are considered within the context of sustainable development * short papers of the NRP- and related projects with final conclusions per project This book will be of value to anyone professionally interested in the various aspects of climate change research and policy.
Environmental Policy and the Economy
This volume focuses on issues of vital interest in environmental policy making. Knowledge is needed about the impacts of economic processes on the environment and vice versa; people's preferences regarding the environmental quality (including the availability of (non)renewable natural resources) must be known; and knowledge concerning the effectiveness and efficiency of the available policy instruments is essential. These issues are dealt with in various contributions on environmental-economic modelling, valuation of the environment, the design of environmental policies and the economic consequences of environmental policy.
Acidification Research in the Netherlands
This book contains the results and conclusions of extensive research on the causes and effects of acidification of forests/forest soils and heathland in the Netherlands. In 1985 the Dutch Priority Programme on Acidification was started in order to give a more concrete form to the increasing interest of policy-makers in the effects of air pollution on ecosystems in particular. In the last three years, the research has focused on obtaining a more accurate estimate of the emission of ammonia on the deposition of SOx, NOy and NHx, and also on quantifying effects on forest and heathland ecosystems. This quantification of effects included experimental work model analyses, and derivation of critica...
Controlling Chemical Hazards
This book presents environmental protection managers and advanced students in environmental studies programs with an overview of the principles, facts, multidisciplinary approaches, and some of the complex ities of the management of toxic substances. The text explores critical issues facing managers responsible for prevent ing and controlling problems associated with the manufacture,. transport, storage, use and disposal of chemicals. It does this from two perspectives. The first is a disciplinary perspective, that is environmental chemistry, of toxicology, engineering, economics, sociology and political science, all which playa role in implementing comprehensive programs to manage chemicals. The second perspective is from the view of industry, govern ment, academia and non-government organizations. For example, Chapter 5 is authored by technical managers of a major chemical company, Chap ters 6 and 12 by government scientists and managers respectively, and Chapter 10 by a respected member of the environmental lobby. An appreciation of these perspectives is very important for developing and running effective chemical management programs.
Economic Models of Material-Product Chains for Environmental Policy Analysis
A theoretical and empirical contribution to the quest for sustainability and environmental quality. The book examines the physical and economic aspects of flows of materials and products, as well as the policies and strategies designed to reduce the related resource depletion and environmental pollution. The `material-product chain' concept forms a general framework, defined as a system of linked flows of materials and products that support the provision of a certain service. Various economic models of material-product chains are studied, both theoretical and applied, such as static optimisation, dynamic simulation and general equilibrium models. Applications to metals, rain gutters and window frames are described. Audience: Readers in universities, research organizations and policy institutes interested in the environment, economics and government policy.
Multiobjective Decision Support for Environmental Management
Multiple criteria decision making is a major and rapidly growing field of research. Methods resulting from this field of research are used in this book to develop a Multiobjective Decision Support Systems (MODSS) for environmental management. The primary focus of the book is therefore on the issues and practicalities that arise when these methods are applied to support decisions on environmental problems. Most methods included in this book are derived from the literature on multicriteria decision making, decision anlysis and operations research. Concepts developed in management science are used to describe environmental decision processes and to define the functions of decision support. The author's work on MODSS has resulted in the development of a decision support package, called DEFINITE (DEcisions on a FINITE set of alternatives). A demonstration version of this programme is included with the book. This Demo Disk can be run on a MS-DOS compatible personal computer (version 2.0 or higher) having a 3,5 inch, 720 Kb disk drive and 640 Kb available RAM.
The Application of Economic Techniques in Environmental Impact Assessment
The contribution of economic thought and method to environmental management needs practical illustration. Too few books on the subject achieve such an outcome. This book is among the notable exceptions. That economics can provide a powerful vehicle for communicating an integrated understanding of the often diverse scientific findings germane to environmental im pact assessment needs to be illustrated convincingly. This book does just that. But it does more. It speaks across cultures: not to transfer know-how from one culture to another, but rather to activate an effective exchange of insights from one locale on the planet to another. As such, it is a genuine contribution to the great en viro...
Climate Change 1995: Economic and Social Dimensions of Climate Change
The consequences of climate change for society are analysed in this landmark assessment from the IPCC. This book assesses the available knowledge on the many issues that society has to face, including the international decision-making framework; applicability to climate change of techniques for assessing costs and benefits; the significant social costs of projected climate change; and the economic assessment of policy instruments to combat climate change, nationally and internationally. Some important conclusions of this Second Assessment Report indicate that 10 to 30% of greenhouse gas emissions in most countries can be reduced at negative or zero cost - 'no regrets' measures. Also, the lit...
