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Translation Competence and Language Contrast – A Multi-Method Study
Experience in translation does not always correlate with the quality of the target text. Also, the evaluations of translation work vary considerably among evaluators. Why not shifting the focus of attention from the final translation to the underlying translation process when assessing translation competence? Iryna Kloster applies a multi-method approach to model the translation competence based on empirical parameters, such as gaze behavior, dictionary use, revisions as well as subjective evaluations of comprehension and translation difficulty. Eye tracking, keystroke logging, screen recording and retrospective interviews were applied to collect data in the experimental groups consisting of novice and semi-professional translators. As a consequence, the author suggests using language contrasts for researching translation competence. She draws conclusions based on hypotheses testing, provides justification by triangulating quantitative and qualitative data and discusses the results in the light of empirical translation studies as well.
Empirical modelling of translation and interpreting
Empirical research is carried out in a cyclic way: approaching a research area bottom-up, data lead to interpretations and ideally to the abstraction of laws, on the basis of which a theory can be derived. Deductive research is based on a theory, on the basis of which hypotheses can be formulated and tested against the background of empirical data. Looking at the state-of-the-art in translation studies, either theories as well as models are designed or empirical data are collected and interpreted. However, the final step is still lacking: so far, empirical data has not lead to the formulation of theories or models, whereas existing theories and models have not yet been comprehensively tested...
Languacultural Hybridity and Translation
In an increasingly globalised world, the cultures of Orient and Occident are no longer firmly separated. This hybridity is also a part of literature—a concept which needs to be explored in Translation Studies. This study examines its evolution across language, culture, literature, and translation. It introduces a sociolinguistic approach for studying marginalized hybrid texts and their translations into English, focusing on the power dynamics that dichotomize the world into First/Third worlds. The author examines how sociological factors in central societies affect the acceptance and recognition of marginalized literary works within Western literary circles and world literature. The study analyses classical and modern Persian literature. It highlights the double-voicedness in these texts. By illustrating how hybrid elements from Rúmí’s mystical poems and Hidáyat’s surrealistic prose are recreated in their English translations, it elevates the analysis of hybrid elements to a languacultural level.
[Re]Gained in Translation I
Translations of the Bible take place in the midst of tension between politics, ideology and power. With the theological authority of the book as God’s Word, not focusing on the process of translating is stating the obvious. Inclinations, fluency and zeitgeist play as serious a role as translators’ person, faith and worldview, as do their vocabulary, poetics and linguistic capacity. History has seen countless retranslations of the Bible. What are the considerations according to which Biblical retranslations are being produced in current, 21st century, contexts? From retranslations of the Hebrew Bible to those of the Old and New Testaments, to mutual influences of Christian and Jewish translational traditions – the papers collected here all deal with the question of what is to be [re]gained with the production of a new translation where, at times, many a previous one has already existed.
[Re]Gained in Translation II
Times are changing, and with them, the norms and notions of correctness. Despite a wide-spread belief that the Bible, as a “sacred original,” only allows one translation, if any, new translations are constantly produced and published for all kinds of audiences and purposes. The various paradigms marked by the theological, political, and historical correctness of the time, group, and identity and bound to certain ethics and axiomatic norms are reflected in almost every current translation project. Like its predecessor, the current volume brings together scholars working at the intersection of Translation Studies, Bible Studies, and Theology, all of which share a special point of interest concerning the status of the Scriptures as texts fundamentally based on the act of translation and its recurring character. It aims to breathe new life into Bible translation studies, unlock new perspectives and vistas of the field, and present a bigger picture of how Bible [re]translation works in society today.
Translating Minorities and Conflict in Literature
Minorities and Conflict are prevailing topics in literature and translation. This volume analyses their occurrence by focussing on the key domains: censorship/manipulation, translation flows from the linguistic periphery, and reflections on self-expression. The case studies presented discuss (re)translations of authors such as Virginia Woolf and treat a wide variety of languages, such as Flemish literature in Czech or Russian translations of Estonian prose. They also treat relevant topics such as heteroglossia, de-colonialism, and self-translation. The texts in this volume were originally presented at the conference Translating Minorities and Conflict in Literature, held in June 2021. In an increasingly interconnected and complex global landscape they advocate transparency, accountability, and the preservation of linguistic diversity.
[Re]Gained in Translation, Volume 1–2
Volume 1: Translations of the Bible take place in the midst of tension between politics, ideology and power. With the theological authority of the book as God’s Word, not focusing on the process of translating is stating the obvious. Inclinations, fluency and zeitgeist play as serious a role as translators’ person, faith and worldview, as do their vocabulary, poetics and linguistic capacity. History has seen countless retranslations of the Bible. What are the considerations according to which Biblical retranslations are being produced in current, 21st century, contexts? From retranslations of the Hebrew Bible to those of the Old and New Testaments, to mutual influences of Christian and J...
Translation and Circulation of Migration Literature
In the field of Translation Studies no book-length work in English has yet been dedicated to the translation and circulation of migration literature. The authors of this volume seek to contribute to filling this gap through a detailed study of texts belonging to a variety of literary genres and engaging with the phenomenon of migration in different parts of the world. Not only will the challenges met by translators be discussed, but the different ways in which the translated texts travel from one cultural sphere to another will also be explored. The focus lies on the themes “migration and politics”, “migration and society”, as well as “the experience of migration in words, music and images”.
Kognitive Aspekte des Übersetzungsprozesses
Was passiert beim Übersetzen im Kopf? Und wie beeinflusst unsere Muttersprache unser Sprechen, Schreiben, Denken und Übersetzen? In der Antwort auf die eine Frage steckt die Auflösung der anderen. KyeongHwa Lee hat beide Fragen mittels Eye-Tracking, Schreibprozessanalyse und einer Befragung der Studienteilnehmer erforscht. Sie kann belegen, dass Menschen unterschiedlicher Muttersprache die Informationen eines Satzes auf verschiedene Weisen speichern und verarbeiten. Entscheidend sind offenbar die syntaktische Struktur und die Informationsstruktur ihrer jeweiligen Muttersprache. Sie haben Einfluss darauf, wie wir Texte verstehen, wie wir sprechen und schreiben und wie wir von einer Sprache in die andere übersetzen. Eine ähnliche Satzstruktur der Arbeitssprachen erleichtert offenbar den Sprachtransferprozess. Doch der Einfluss der Muttersprache geht weit darüber hinaus: Sie prägt auch unser Denken.
„Im Original geht viel verloren“
Beim Übersetzen, so heißt es gemeinhin, ginge immer etwas verloren. Wer die Sprache des Originals beherrsche, sei daher gut beraten, das Ursprungswerk heranzuziehen. Für Übersetzerinnen und Übersetzer sowie für alle, deren Fremdsprachenkenntnisse nicht ausreichen, um den Ratschlag zu befolgen, ist die These der Verlustbilanz jedoch einigermaßen frustrierend. Aber stimmt sie überhaupt? Zahlreiche Fakten sprechen dagegen. Deshalb weitet Sylvia Reinart den etablierten unidirektionalen Blick auf das Übersetzen hier nun innovativ: Neben dem möglichen Verlust nimmt sie gleichberechtigt den sicheren Gewinn ins Visier. Der Titel fordert zum Überdenken traditioneller Konzepte auf und verweist auf die Strahlkraft von Übersetzungen. Manch eine Übersetzung ist tatsächlich besser als das Original.
